中国四种卷柏科植物孢子的形态观察

利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对睫毛卷柏(Selaginella ciliaris(Retz.)Spring)、甘肃卷柏(S.kansuensis Ching)、墨脱卷柏(S.mutensis Ching)、毛枝卷柏(S.trichoclada Alston)等4种中国产卷柏科(Selaginellaceae)植物的大、小孢子进行了详细的观察.结果表明,4种卷柏的大、小孢子在表面纹饰方面存在明显的差异,而在每一种内,孢子形态是基本稳定的.因此,孢子形态特征可以作为区分种的重要依据.4种卷柏的大、小孢子的孢壁多为混合纹饰类型,且近极面纹饰比远极面的细密.

Observations on the Spore Morphology of Four Species of Selaginellaceae from China

The spores of four species, Selaginella ciliaris (Retz.) Spring, S.kansuensis Ching, S.mutensis Ching and S.trichoclada Alston from China were observed under LM and SEM. The sporesare tetrahedral-globose, trilete. The morphological characters of them are described in detail. The sporemorphology of the four species is different from each other, especially in spore ornamentation. Of theS.ciliaris (Retz.) Spring, the megaspores have many narrow ridges on the proximal face, freelyanastomosing, especcially on the distal face; the microspores are finely rugulate, with many evenbacula. Of the S.kansuensis Ching, the surface of the megaspores is rather psilate; the microsporeshave radiative ridges on the proximal face, lacking micro-ornamentation, and have wide, coarselyverrucate-rugulate ornamentation on the distal face. Of the S.mutensis Ching, the megaspores havemany dense granules or tubercles on the proximal face, irregular verrucae coalesce to form coarselycristae on the distal face; the microspores have tubercles on the proximal face, more, bigger and densertubercles with foveolae on the distal face. Of the S.trichoclada Alston, the megaspores have tubercleson the surface, sometimes anastomosing on the distal face; the microspores have short, sharp spinuleson the proximal face and wide, flat spinules anastomosing on the distal face, with obtuse apex. Thesurface ornamentation of spore seems to be stable within species and thus is of important value in thetaxonomy of the genus Selaginella. The ornamentation of the spore is not easily characterized; however,some types can be recognized. There is generally denser and finer ornamentation on the proximal facethan that on the distal face.