木耳和毛木耳的极性研究*

从木耳(Auricularia auricula)和毛木耳(A.polytricha)的同一子实体弹射、分离30个单孢子并发育成单核菌丝体,各自分成3组,以10×10方式进行单核体两两配对。取两配对单核体交结处菌丝体块到新的平板上继续发育并插入无菌的盖玻片让其菌丝爬上。后利用双苯并咪唑(Hoechst 33258)染色,在萤光显微镜下逐块检查配对后菌丝体细胞中核的数目。如果出现双核,再加以检查锁状联合以验证,则为配对亲和。不亲和者仍为单核。根据配对行为进行不亲和因子分配决定其交配型。检测结果表明,木耳和毛木耳担孢子的性别是由一对遗传因子A.a所控制。属典型性二极性(bipolar)异宗结合。

STUDIES ON THE SEXUALITY OF AURICULARIA AURICULA AND A. POLYTRICHA

Basidiospores were collected by discharging spores from the same basidiocarp of Auricularia auricula and Auricularia polytricha separately. Single spores from each species were obtained with dilution method. Monospore cultures of each species were isolated by picking up single spore individually under dissecting microscope. Thirty monospore cultures in each species were divided into three groups and tested by pairing of ten by ten. Number of nuclei per cell of mycelia for all matings were estimated using fluorescence staining with the specific fungal nuclear stain Hoechst 33258. If the two monospore cultures were compatible, two nuclei would appear in one cell with clamp connection, whereas there would be only one nucleus per cell for incompatible matings. Mating type was determined by assignment of incompatible factor according to mating behavior between monocaryon colonies. The proportion of the compatible pairings in the total mating pairings were 41% for A. auricula and 47% for A. polytricha.The results of pairing showed that the mating types of both A. auricula and A. polytricha are controlled by a single factor and therefore belong to bipolar type.