Induction of male and female sterility in isabgol (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Plantago ovata</Emphasis>) due to floral infection of downy mildew (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pernospora plantaginis</Emphasis>) |
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Authors: | Kunal Mandal Prakash R Patel Satyabrata Maiti I L Kothari |
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Institution: | (1) Centre for Plant Molecular Biology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India; |
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Abstract: | Downy mildew (Peronospora plantaginis) caused two different types of infection in the floral parts of isabgol (Plantago ovata). Systemic infection resulted in long spikes bearing weak and sterile florets, which later turned black due to saprophytic
growth. Localised infection produced various symptoms ranging between normal flower opening and failure to bloom. Different
parts of infected flowers such as sepal, petal, filament and anther were reduced in size compared to healthy flowers. However,
gynoecium was elongated in localised infection. P. plantaginis induced gradual sterility of isabgol flowers. Androecium was affected more than the gynoecium was. Pollen number, pollen
viability and germination reduced drastically due to localised infection. On the contrary, there were no significant differences
between healthy and locally infected flowers in terms of stigma receptivity. In systemically infected spikes, bud development
was arrested leading to sterility. When localised disease severity was high, secondary systemic infection caused similar symptoms.
Microscopic observations showed presence of the pathogen in different parts of the flowers. Downy mildew adversely affected
seed yield and quality; producing seeds, which were smaller and lighter than the healthy ones and later, became black. Seed
yield was reduced by as much as 73.45 percent. Husk content per unit seed mass increased relatively as the total surface area
of infected seeds increased. |
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