新疆荒漠束颈蝗属及其近、远缘种的线粒体DNA RFLP与系统进化

以11种限制性内切酶对新疆荒漠中的9种束颈蝗和与其近缘的细距蝗Leptopternis gracilis,旋跳蝗Helioscirtus moseri moseri 及远缘的意大利蝗Calliptamus italicus italicus,红翅瘤蝗Dericorys roseipennis的线粒体DNA进行了长度片段多态性的研究。根据所得的酶切类型，计算了种间每核苷酸位点的平均碱基取代值P（遗传距离）。用UPGMA法构建分子系统树。结果表明，束颈蝗属种间的P值约为 0.099～0.146,与近缘种属间约0.100～0.205,与远缘种属间约为0.113～0.206。估算出束颈蝗属种间的分歧年代约在1000～1500万年前，处于中新世中期，将实验结果与形态演化比较分析，探讨束颈蝗的系统进化。

PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIP AMONG NINE SPECIES OF SPHINGONOTUS FIEBER IN DESERT AREA OF XINJIANG INFERRED FROM MITOCHONDRIAL DNA VARIATIONS

In this study, 11 restriction endonucleases were used to analyze the RFLP of mitochondrial DNA purified from nine species of Sphingonotus Fieber, Leptopternis gracilis which has close relationship with Sphingonotus and Calliptamus italicus which has somewhat distant relationship with Sphingonotus. We estimated the average number of nucleotide substitutions per site (genetic distance, P) among these species according to the cleavage patterns and Nei &; Li's models(1979). We also constructed the molecular phylogenetic trees and studied the phylogenetic relationship by the UPGMA method. These results show that the P values among the nine species of Sphingonotus are about 0.099 to 0.146, the P values between Sphingonotus and the distant genus are about 0.113～0.226. So the divergence time among the species of Sphingonotus would be about 10～15 million years.