土壤酸化改良剂对烟株农艺性状、土壤pH值及青枯病发生的影响

由于长期连作障碍、不合理连续施用化肥等因素,植烟土壤存在酸化等问题,导致烟草青枯病等愈发严重.土壤酸化改良剂可以改善土壤酸化状况,同时还具有改善土壤物理结构、提高养分利用率、增强土壤酸碱缓冲能力等多项作用.本研究选取3种土壤酸化改良剂,用起垄条施的方式,以长期植烟酸化烟田为研究对象,评估不同处理对土壤pH值调节、烟草生长及青枯病发生的影响.结果表明,草木灰粉剂、草木灰颗粒剂处理对烟株生长有一定的促进作用;草木灰粉剂、草木灰颗粒剂和牡蛎壳粉处理后20d,三者土壤pH值分别较空白对照提高了0.40、0.63和0.40,草木灰颗粒剂对酸化土壤的改良效果最好;处理后60d,三者土壤pH值分别较空白对照提高了0.42、0.30和0.08,草木灰粉剂对酸化土壤的改良效果最好;基于烟草青枯病的病情指数AUDPC计算,从小到大依次为草木灰粉剂、草木灰颗粒剂、牡蛎壳粉、空白对照,草木灰粉剂和草木灰颗粒剂处理对烟草青枯病整个时期的防控效果分别为69.35%和28.43%.结合调酸效果、农艺性状和对青枯病的防效等指标综合分析,土壤酸化改良剂草木灰粉剂起垄条施的效果最优,可为今后在酸化烟田大面积运用调酸技术防控烟草青枯病提供理论基础和技术支撑.

Effects of 3 Soil Acidification Amendment Agents on Agronomic Characters of Tobacco Plants,pH of Acidic Soil and Occurrence of Bacterial Wilt

Due to long-term continuous cropping obstacles and unreasonable continuous application of chemical fertilizers and other factors,the acidification of tobacco-growing soil has caused tobacco bacterial wilt to become more serious.As a soil acidification amendment agent,plant ash can alleviate soil acidification.It also has many functions such as improving soil physical structure,increasing nutrient utilization,and enhancing soil acid-base buffering capacity.In this study,the method of ridging and split application of plant ash was selected,and a long-term acidification tobacco field was used as the research object to evaluate the effects of different treatments on soil pH adjustment,tobacco growth and bacterial wilt.The results showed that the treatments of plant ash powder,plant ash granules and oyster shell powder all had a certain promotion effect on tobacco plants;that 20 days after the treatment with plant ash powder,plant ash granules and oyster shell powder,soil pH increased by 0.40,0.63 and 0.40,respectively,compared with that in the blank control,and plant ash granules had the best improvement effect on acidified soil;and that 60 days after treatment,soil pH was increased by 0.42,0.30 and 0.08,respectively.Plant ash powder had the best improvement effect on acidified soil.Calculation based on the disease index AUDPC of tobacco bacterial wilt indicated that AUDPC plant ash powder