Pluronic F-68: an answer for shoot regeneration recalcitrance in microspore-derived <Emphasis Type="Italic">Brassica napus</Emphasis> embryos

Recalcitrance to tissue culture is observed in some genotypes of Brassica napus. Several studies have confirmed that Pluronic F-68 has growth-promoting effects on numerous tissue types. This work investigated the effect of the non-ionic surfactant Pluronic F-68 at four concentrations (0.1%, 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1% (w/v)) on the responsiveness of recalcitrant B. napus lines to tissue culture. Microspores from seven populations of B. napus were cultured on Nitsch and Nitsch medium with this compound. The embryos obtained were plated on solid B5 medium supplemented with zeatin for shoot induction. Pluronic F-68 had a highly significant effect on the proportion of shoot regeneration (P < 0.05) in some of the recalcitrant populations. However, no strong dose–response effect was observed. The estimated probability of a shoot occurring in the absence of Pluronic F-68 ranged from 0.04 to 0.31 depending on the genotype, while in the presence of Pluronic F-68, it ranged from 0.07 to 0.53, respectively.