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Biotic interactions and plant invasions |
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| Authors: | Mitchell Charles E Agrawal Anurag A Bever James D Gilbert Gregory S Hufbauer Ruth A Klironomos John N Maron John L Morris William F Parker Ingrid M Power Alison G Seabloom Eric W Torchin Mark E Vázquez Diego P |
| Institution: | Department of Biology and Curriculum in Ecology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; Department of Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1177, USA; Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1; Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA; Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; Department of Zoology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-2914, USA; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843 –03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama; Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Av. Ruiz Leal s/n, (5500) Mendoza, Argentina |
| Abstract: | Introduced plant populations lose interactions with enemies, mutualists and competitors from their native ranges, and gain interactions with new species, under new abiotic conditions. From a biogeographical perspective, differences in the assemblage of interacting species, as well as in abiotic conditions, may explain the demographic success of the introduced plant populations relative to conspecifics in their native range. Within invaded communities, the new interactions and conditions experienced by the invader may influence both its demographic success and its effects on native biodiversity. Here, we examine indirect effects involving enemies, mutualists and competitors of introduced plants, and effects of abiotic conditions on biotic interactions. We then synthesize ideas building on Darwin's idea that the kinds of new interactions gained by an introduced population will depend on its relatedness to native populations. This yields a heuristic framework to explain how biotic interactions and abiotic conditions influence invader success. We conclude that species introductions generally alter plants' interactions with enemies, mutualists and competitors, and that there is increasing evidence that these altered interactions jointly influence the success of introduced populations. |
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