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uPAR expression under hypoxic conditions depends on iNOS modulated ERK phosphorylation in the MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma cell line
Authors:Yoon So Young  Lee Yoo Jung  Seo Jae Hong  Sung Hwa Jung  Park Kyong Hwa  Choi In Keun  Kim Seok Jin  Oh Sang Cheul  Choi Chul Won  Kim Byung Soo  Shin Sang Won  Kim Yeul Hong  Kim Jun Suk
Institution:Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-729, Korea.
Abstract:Urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) plays a major role in cancer invasion and metastasis and uPAR expression is correlated with a poor prognosis in various cancer types. Moreover, the expression of uPAR is increased under hypoxic conditions. Nitric oxide (NO) and its metabolites produced by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) are important products of hypoxic stress, and NO may activate or modulate extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK). Here, we evaluated uPA, uPAR, and activated ERK levels under hypoxic conditions, and the modulatory effects of iNOS and NO in the MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell line. Cells were incubated in a hypoxic or normoxic incubator and treated with PD98059 (a MEK 1/2 inhibitor, which abrogates ERK phosphorylation) and aminoguanidine (a selective iNOS inhibitor). uPAR expression, ERK phosphorylation, and uPA activity were found to be increased under hypoxic conditions. Moreover, when cells were treated with PD98059 under hypoxic conditions, uPAR was downregulated, whereas aminoguanidine markedly increased ERK phosphorylation in a dose dependent manner. Furthermore, aminoguanidine increased uPAR expression and prevented the inhibition of uPAR expression by PD98059. These results demonstrated that uPAR is induced by hypoxia and that increased uPAR expression is mediated by ERK phosphorylation, which in turn is modulated by iNOS/NO in MDA-MB-231 cells. We conclude that iNOS/NO downregulates the expression of uPAR under hypoxic conditions via ERK pathway modulation.
Keywords:uPAR  iNOS  ERK phosphorylation  hypoxia  MDA-MB-231
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