完达山地区槲寄生（Viscum coloratum）种群特征研究

于2012年4-11月对老平岗林场6个群落中7种寄主上的槲寄生（Viscum coloratum）种群进行了研究,结果表明：以寄主为单位,槲寄生的最终分布格局取决于寄主的格局;而在每个寄主上则呈聚集性分布。从数量上看,寄生强度为：山杨＂白桦＂辽东桤木＂黑桦＂紫椴=青楷槭＂色木槭;各寄主上单株槲寄生平均结果量为：山杨＂白桦＂辽东桤木＂青楷槭＂紫椴＂色木槭＂黑桦;红黄两种果实型植株的比例近于1∶1。从遗传上看,槲寄生表现出过量繁殖特征;其种子传播与太平鸟存在密切联系,经鸟类粪便排出的种子82%落在地面,15%黏附在下层灌木上,3%附着在寄主树干上。本研究认为：寄主的分布格局,寄主所在群落的组成及发育,传播者的生活习性和槲寄生自身的繁殖策略是影响其种群的主要因素。

Population Characteristics of Mistletoe (Viscum coloratum) in Wandashan Mountain

Population characteristics of mistletoe in seven types of host trees of six communities in Laopinggang forest farm were studied from April to November 2012. Results showed that： As a whole,the ultimate distribution pattern of mistletoe was determined by the host trees. However,the distribution pattern of mistletoe on individual host trees was aggregated. In terms of quantitative characteristics,the numbers of mistletoe in host trees was Populus davidiana 〉Betula platyphylla 〉Alnus sibirica 〉B. dahurica 〉Tilia amurensis var. tricuspidata=Acer tegmentosum〉A. mono,and the mean number of fruit in a mistletoe was P. davidiana 〉B. platyphylla 〉A. sibirica 〉A. tegmentosum 〉T. amurensis var. tricuspidata 〉A. mono 〉B. dahurica. Red fruit and yellow fruit mistletoe were found on the same host species and the ratio of these two types was one to one. Genetically,the seeds of mistletoe showed excess propagation and their dispersal process had a close relationship with Bombycilla garrulus. Among these seeds,82% were found on fallen leaves,15% on shrubs and 3% on the trunk of host trees. It was concluded that the distribution pattern of host trees,composition and development degree of communities,living habit of seed dispersers and reproductive strategy of mistletoe itself played major roles in the development of the population.