分子生物学技术在胃肠道微生态中应用研究进展

哺乳动物胃肠道中栖息着大量的微生物(主要为细菌),它们在营养、生理、免疫等方面对宿主起着有益作用。传统上,胃肠道菌群研究主要依靠培养技术。近来,一些基于16S rRNA(DNA)的分子生物学技术已被广泛应用于胃肠道菌群的研究,这些技术主要有16S rDNA克隆基因文库、16S rDNA指纹技术、定量PCR技术、荧光原位杂交技术及基因芯片技术等。对这些用于胃肠道微生态研究的分子生物学技术作一综述。

Application of Molecular Biological Techniques in Research of Gastrointestinal Microbiota

The gastrointestinal(GI) tract of mammals harbors a large number of microbiota comprised primarily of bacteria,which have a profound influence on nutritional,physiological and immunological processes in the host animal.Traditionally,GI bacteria have been studied via cultivation-based techniques.Recently,some molecular ecology techniques based on the 16S rRNA(DNA) gene have been used widely in studies of gastrointestinal bacterial communities.These techniques include: 16S rDNA gene clone libraries,16S rDNA fingerprinting techniques,quantitative PCR,fluorescent in situ hybridization(FISH) and DNA microarray,et al.Here,a critical summary is provided of current molecular approaches for studying the GI microbiota.