Assessing the adaptability of the actinorhizal symbiosis in the face of environmental change |
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| Institution: | 1. Centre d’étude et de valorisation de la diversité microbienne, Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Qc, J1K 2R1, Canada;2. Department of Geosciences, Princeton Environmental Institute, Guyot Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA;3. Centre d’étude et de valorisation de la diversité microbienne, Département de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Qc, J1K 2R1, Canada;1. College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;2. Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;1. Ecophysiology of Plants, Technische Universität München, von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, D-85354 Freising, Germany;2. Department of Plant Ecology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba 305-8687, Japan;3. Department of Alpine Timberline Ecophysiology, Federal Research and Training Centre for Forests, Natural Hazards and Landscape (BFW), Rennweg 1, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;1. Texas State University, Department of Biology, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA;2. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, 1201 South Dorner Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;1. Department of Chemistry, Arts and Science Faculty, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey;2. Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwandong University, Gangneung-si 210 701, South Korea |
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| Abstract: | Human activity, and in particular industrial activity, has altered natural environments. Here we present an experimental approach adapted to study the actinorhizal symbiosis in alder trees and shrubs submitted to abiotic stress. We measured the impact of exogenous nitrogen on the establishment of the alder symbiosis with Frankia sp., and its primary function; nitrogen fixation. Results showed our version of the growth pouch method was functional, and corroborated the gradual inhibition of symbiosis in the presence of increasing exogenous nitrogen concentrations. In mountain alder (Alnus viridis ssp. crispa) there was a gradual and suppressive effect of nitrogen on the relative number or root nodules, while in black alder (Alnus glutinosa) results suggested a threshold effect at 45 ppm N. Shoot to root biomass ratios were increased in the presence of the microsymbiont, and this effect was generally maintained even in the presence of heavy metals (As, Se or V). Alders and the actinorhizal symbiosis were not heavily affected by the presence of heavy metals, confirming potential applications in soil rehabilitation, however the distribution of metals in plant tissues sometimes changed when high levels of metals were present. A. glutinosa plants exposed to high levels of As significantly increased the allocation of As to roots (≈90%), while those exposed to high levels of Se rose their aerial tissue Se allocation to roughly 86%. A. glutinosa plants exposed to high V levels did not change behavior: V was in all cases preferentially accumulated in underground tissues (≥90%). Our results detail the use of a high-throughput approach to study the plasticity of the actinorhizal symbiosis in the presence of fluctuating nitrogen and metal conditions. These methods are transposable to numerous actinorhizal studies in both fundamental and applied research. |
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