猪δ冠状病毒感染及其对宿主先天免疫功能的影响

猪δ冠状病毒(porcine deltacoronavirus,PDCoV)是目前新发现的唯一一种感染哺乳动物的δ冠状病毒。PDCoV主要感染猪的小肠,特别是空肠和回肠,造成小肠绒毛上皮细胞萎缩,引起严重的萎缩性肠炎,临床症状主要表现为新生仔猪水样腹泻、呕吐和脱水死亡,给养猪业造成很大的经济损失。2014年以来全球暴发的仔猪腹泻中,PDCoV单一感染检出率占有一定的比例,还与其他猪冠状病毒存在较高比例的共感染现象。随着PDCoV毒株的基因组测序完成和病毒的分离成功,以及病毒与宿主互作研究的推进,对该病毒有了更多的认知。本文根据现有的文献报道,结合本课题组的研究进展,对猪δ冠状病毒的流行、基因组结构的遗传多样性、病毒感染受体和对宿主先天免疫应答调控机制的研究进展进行了综述,以帮助相关人员对PDCoV有全面和深入的了解。

Porcine deltacoronavirus infection and its effects on host innate immunity

Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is the only member of the Deltacoronavirus until now, which was found to infect mammals. PDCoV mainly infects porcine small intestine to induce severe atrophic enteritis by causing atrophy of villous epithelial cells in the small intestine, especially the jejunum and ileum. The severe clinical symptoms caused by PDCoV are mainly watery diarrhea, vomiting and death of newborn piglets, which brought out large economic losses in the pig industry. Since 2014, the detection rate of PDCoV single infection has a certain proportion in the global outbreak of porcine diarrhea disease. In addition, a high proportion was determined with other porcine coronaviruses co-infection. With the completion of full genome sequencing, successful isolation of PDCoV strains, as well as further research on the interaction with host have been gained more understanding about PDCoV. In this article, the prevalence of PDCoV, genetic diversity of genome structure, receptor of virus infection and the regulation mechanism of host innate immune response are reviewed, which based on the existing research literature and combined with our group progress. We hope that it will help the researchers to have a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of PDCoV.