中国生态地理区城市水资源利用效率及影响因素

水资源利用效率是落实最严水资源管理制度和水生态文明建设的重要内容，是中国国民经济社会发展的重要战略问题。通过分类数据包络分析模型对2007-2016年中国生态地理区城市水资源利用效率进行测算，分析全国和生态地理区城市水资源利用效率特征，采用Tobit回归模型探讨中国和生态地理区城市用水效率的影响因素。研究结果表明：我国城市水资源利用效率普遍较低，全国水资源效率均值呈现先下降后上升波动式发展，全国城市间用水效率差距在缩小。生态地理区水资源利用效率差异显著，温带干旱区、温带半干旱区、温带半湿润区、温带湿润区和亚热带湿润区用水效率依次递减，区域间水资源效率差异在逐渐减小。城市人口、土地利用结构、经济发展水平、产业结构与全国城市水资源利用效率呈显著正相关，而城市供水、用水结构、水资源管理政策则表现为显著负相关性。

Urban water resource utilization efficiency and its influencing factors in eco-geographic regions of China

Water resource utilization efficiency is important for implementing the strictest water resource management system, constructing water ecological civilization,and promoting urban economic and social development in China. Through the categorical data enveloping analysis model and variation coefficient method, urban water use efficiency was measured in ecological geographic areas of China from 2007 to 2016. Additionally, influencing factors of water utilization efficiency was analyzed by Tobit model. It was found that the utilization efficiency of urban water resources was generally low in China, showing a fluctuation pattern of first declining and then rising, and the gap of water use efficiency among cities was narrowing. For the ecological geographic regions, efficiency of water resource utilization was significantly discrepant among different regions, decreasing successively from the temperate arid region, the temperate semi-arid region, the temperate sub-humid region, and the temperate humid region to the subtropical humid region. However, the difference in water resource efficiency of ecological geographic regions was shrinking gradually. In terms of influencing factors, the conclusion showed that the municipal population, land use structure, economic development level and industrial structure were positively correlated with water resource use efficiency, while urban water supply, water consumption structure and water management policy had negative effects.