中国重要检疫性实蝇的全球分布和入侵情况

实蝇是重要的蔬菜瓜果害虫。本文重点概述入侵中国实蝇的寄主植物、原产地、首次发现时间、入侵地、国内外分布和入侵扩散途径，全面整理重要检疫性实蝇的全球分布和入侵情况，同时根据全球重要检疫性实蝇的分布情况为警惕和预防实蝇入侵我国提供理论支持。本文指出，领土相邻是实蝇入侵我国的重要条件：入侵中国的实蝇原产地是中国的邻国日本、印度和泰国，最早发现地是中国的沿海和沿边地区，分别为中国台湾、广西、云南和新疆吐鲁番。寄主植物的种类数量与实蝇的分布范围正相关：橘小实蝇和瓜实蝇是多食性昆虫，分别危害305和61种植物，分别在全球83和58个国家均有发生。枣实蝇、蜜柑大实蝇和黑颜面实蝇是寡食性昆虫，只危害同属植物，仅入侵原产地周边的些许国家。随着国际瓜果贸易交流频繁，全球重要的检疫实蝇由原产地国家逐渐向周边国家扩散，其中油橄榄实蝇、桃果实蝇、埃塞尔比亚寡鬓实蝇、黑樱桃实蝇和苹果实蝇已经入侵至我国周边国家，需要警惕和预防其从沿边省份入侵我国。加强检疫和管理是防治实蝇入侵和扩散的重要手段，同时也需要中国的科研工作者进一步对世界上重大检疫实蝇的入侵风险评估、防控对策、分子鉴定和快速检测方法进行研究。

Global distribution and invasion of important quarantine fruit flies of China

Fruit flies are important pest of fruits and vegetables. In this paper, the host plants, origin, first records, invaded habitats, distribution in its native and invaded areas, and invasion pathways of alien fruit flies are comprehensively summarized, to provide assistance for alerting and preventing their invasion to China. Presence in nearby territories is an important condition for invading China. The places of origin of already-invaded fruit flies are Japan, India and Thailand, and the earliest records are usually China''s coastal and border provinces, including Guangxi, Yunnan and Xinjiang. There was a positive correlation between the number of host plants and distribution range of invading fruit flies. Bactrocera correcta and B. vultus are polyphagous having 305 and 61 host plants, and occur in 83 and 58 countries, respectively. B. cucurbitae, B. cucurbitae, and B. tsuneonis are oligophagous species which are present in countries around in their places of origin. With the abundant international trade in melons and other fruits, the important quarantine fruit flies gradually spread, first to countries around their original places. B. oleae, B. zonata, Dacus bivittatus, Rhagoletis fausta and R. pomonella have already invaded countries neighboring China and we need to be aware of their possible arrival to the border provinces. Strengthening quarantine and management measures are important to prevent the invasion and spread of fruit flies. At the same time, it is also necessary to further improve the risk assessment, prevention and control strategies, molecular identification and rapid methods of the major quarantine fruit flies.