籼型黑米粒形性状的遗传效应及其与矿质元素含量的遗传相关性

采用禾谷类作物种子数量性状的遗传模型，分析了灿型黑米稻品种双列杂交F1和F2种子的粒重，粒长，粒宽和粒长／粒宽等粒形性状的遗传效应及其与米粒中矿质元素Fe,Zn,Mn和P含量的遗传相关性，结果表明：4种粒形性状同时受制于种子直接遗传效应，母体效应和细胞质作用影响，其中种子直接遗传效应比母体效应和细胞质效应的作用更大，且种子直接遗传效应以加性效应占主导，粒重，粒宽和粒长／粒宽的种子直接遗传率较高，杂种早代单粒选择效果较好，粒长的种子直接遗传率和母体遗传率均属中等，较高世代的杂种进行单株选择和单粒选择均有一定效果，4种粒形性状与其米粒中矿质元素Fe,Zn,Mn和P含量表现较强的种子直接加性相关，直接显性相关，细胞质相关，母体加性相关和母体显性相关，在特种稻育种实践中，可以通过粒形性的间接选择，达到改良其矿质元素含量等营养品质性状的目标。

Genetic Effects on Grain Shape Traits of indica Black Pericarp Rice and Their Genetic Correlations with Main Mineral Element Contents in Grains

Complete diallel crosses with 7 varieties of indica black pericarp rice were conducted to analyze the genetic effects on grain shape traits such as 100 grain weight, grain length, grain width and length/width and their genetic correlations with main mineral elements of Fe, Zn, Mn and P contents in kernels of parents and their F 1s and F 2s, by using the full genetic model including seed, cytoplasmic and maternal effects on quantitative traits of seeds in cereal crops. The results indicated that the grain shape traits were controlled by seed direct genetic effects, maternal genetic effects as well as by cytoplasmic effects. The seed direct genetic effects were more important than the maternal genetic effects for grain shape traits, and seed direct additive effects constituted a major part of their genetic effects. The narrow heritabilities of seed direct effects were high for 100 grain weight, grain width and grain length/grain width, while those of seed and maternal effects were intermediate for grain length. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the single seed selection on the 100 grain weight, grain width and grain length/grain width in early generations of hybrid offspring, while in the case of grain length, attention should be paid to single plant selection and single seed selection in late generations. The results also showed that there existed significant genetic correlations of seed direct additive, seed direct dominance, cytoplasm, maternal additive and maternal dominance between most of grain shape traits such as 100 grain weight, grain length, grain width, grain length/grain width and main mineral elements of Fe, Zn, Mn and P contents in grains. The improvement for nutrient quality traits of main mineral elements Fe, Zn, Mn and P contents in indica black pericarp rice could be realized by the indirect selection of grain shape traits in speciality rice quality breeding.