昆虫翅型分化的调控及翅多型性的进化

翅多型现象普遍存在于各昆虫类群,一些学者就昆虫翅多型进行了大量的研究工作。根据昆虫翅型的分化,可划分为长翅型和短翅型,长翅型具飞行能力,而短翅型不能飞行。一些昆虫种类,如蚜虫,出现无翅个体,被称为无翅型。除飞行能力外,长翅型和短翅型在行为、生理等方面也存在差异。文章主要就环境因素对翅型分化的影响、翅多型的内分泌控制机理、翅多型的遗传机制及其进化等作一概述。

Regulatory mechanism and evolution of insect wing polymorphism

Wing polymorphism is common in various groups of insects, and has been studied extensively in various aspects. In general, there are two morphologically distinct morphs with long or short wings. The long-winged morph is normally able to fly, but the short-winged cannot. In some species, such as aphids, the flightless morph lacks wings and is called the apterous morph. Besides flight capability, the two wing morphs often display various behavioral and physiological differences. In this review, effects of environmental factors on determination of wing form, endocrine control mechanism, genetic system and evolution of wing polymorphism were summarized.