当地生态知识在海洋哺乳动物研究中的应用与展望

当地生态知识(local ecological knowledge,LEK)是指人们在长期的生活体验和生产实践中,获得的有关周边环境、生物资源及其相互关系的经验和知识。近几十年来,LEK在海洋哺乳动物研究中得到了广泛的应用和发展,尤其是在基础相对薄弱的发展中国家或地区,LEK作为一种低成本、短周期且适合大范围调查的手段,日益成为研究人员获取目标物种生态信息的重要渠道。LEK与野外实地调查等获得的数据可以互补,从而为评估海洋哺乳动物的生存状况和环境变化提供多维度的信息来源;该方法还往往是了解目标物种生存状况历史变动的有效手段,回答传统方法很难甚至无法回答的科学问题,如目标物种在较长时间尺度上的生态信息历史变化趋势等。本文介绍了LEK的定义及特征、海洋哺乳动物及其传统生态调查方法、LEK在海洋哺乳动物中的研究进展、应用LEK开展海洋哺乳动物研究的步骤,还讨论了LEK在我国海洋哺乳动物研究中的应用前景和推广价值,旨在为今后相关研究提供参考资料。

Applications and prospects of local ecological knowledge in marine mammal research

Local ecological knowledge (LEK) refers to the experience and knowledge of the surrounding environment, biotic resources and their interrelationship gained by the people in their long-term life experience and production practice. In recent decades, LEK has been widely applied in marine mammal research, especially in developing countries and regions. Because interview surveys can be relatively low-cost, time-efficient, and suitable for large-scale investigation, LEK has increasingly become an important resource for researchers to obtain ecological information of target species. LEK and traditional methods can complement each other, thus providing a multidimensional source of information for assessing the state of life and environmental changes in marine mammals. In addition, this method is often an effective means to understand the historical changes in the survival status of the target species and to answer the longer-term scale questions that traditional methods are difficult to carry out research. This paper introduces the definition and characteristics of LEK, traditional ecological survey methods for marine mammals, recent developments of LEK research in marine mammals, LEK application steps to carry out marine animal questionnaire survey methods for research, and discusses the application prospect and popularization value of LEK in marine mammal research in China, aiming to provide reference for future research.