Toxicities of 26 pesticides against 10 biological control species |
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Authors: | Si Yong Kim Hee Geun Ahn Pan Jung Ha Un Taek Lim Joon-Ho Lee |
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Institution: | 1. Product Development Team, Crop Protection, Farm Hannong, Seoul 07320, Republic of Korea;2. Crop Protection R&D Center, Farm Hannong, Nonsan 33010, Republic of Korea;3. Department of Bioresource Sciences, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Republic of Korea;4. Entomology Program, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea;5. Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea |
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Abstract: | To determine selective effectiveness for specific pesticides on biological control species we evaluated the contact toxicity of 16 insecticides, 2 acaricides, 3 fungicides, and 5 biopesticides. Targeted species included 3 predatory mites (Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot, Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot, and Neoseiulus californicus McGregor), 5 hymenopteran parasitoids (Diglyphus isaea Walker, Aphidius colemani Viereck, Encarsia formosa Gahan, Eretmocerus eremicus Rose and Zolnerowich and E. mundus Mercet), and 2 hemipteran predators (Orius laevigatus Fieber and Nesidiocoris tenuis Reuter) in laboratory condition. In addition, residual toxicity was evaluated on P. persimilis, E. formosa, and O. laevigatus. For contact toxicity, five insecticides (spinetoram, spinosad, lepimectin, chlorfenapyr, and dinotefuran + spinetoram) showed high toxicity to predatory mites. Most pesticides tested were highly toxic to all hymenopteran species except for D. isaea which showed low susceptibility to 11 pesticides. Bistrifluron + flubendiamide and B. valismortis were less toxic to A. colemani, and only B. valismortis was safe to both E. mundus and E. eremicus. Insect growth regulators (methoxyfenozide and bistrifluron), chlorantraniliprole, and bistrifuron + flubendiamide were not toxic to hemipteran predators. Fungicides and biopesticides were safe to hemipteran predators except for two biopesticides (B. subtilis and P. fluorescens). Most pesticides had low residual toxicity to P. persimilis, with the exception of chlorfenapyr whose toxicity persisted over 7 days. One insecticide (cyantraniliprole), 2 acaricides (spiromesifen and fenpyroximate), 1 fungicide (metrafenone), and 4 biopesticides (B. subtilis, P. polymyxa, P. fluorescens, and B. valismortis) showed a much lower residual toxicity to E. formosa. Eight insecticides, 2 acaricides, 3 fungicides, and 5 biopesticides showed low residual toxicity to O. laevigatus. |
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Keywords: | Selective pesticide Biopesticide Predatory mite Hymenopteran parasitoid Hemipteran predator |
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