Ontogenesis, Differentiation and Precocious Germination in Anther-derived Somatic Embryos of Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.): Proembryogenesis |
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Authors: | FAURE O; AARROUF J; NOUGAREDE A |
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Institution: | Laboratoire de Biologie Végétale, Université Jean Monnet, 23 rue du Dr Michelon, F-42023 St-Etienne Cedex 2, France Laboratoire de Cytologie Expérimentale et Morphogenèse Végétale, Université P. et M. Curie, Bat. N2, 4 place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 05, France |
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Abstract: | Histological steps of callogenesis and proembryogenesis in anthercultures ofVitis vinifera L. Grenache noir aredescribed. Embryogenic calli were obtained on Nitsch and Nitschmedium supplemented with 1mgl-12,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid(2,4-D) and 0.25mgl-1benzylaminopurine (BAP). Calli were initiatedfrom anther connective cells only and no division of microsporesoccurred. The embryos were hence of somatic origin. Proembryosdeveloped either directly (i.e. without intervening callus)from the endothecium, or indirectly from the connective-derivedcallus. In both cases, proembryos originated from single cells.They developed from starchy differentiated cells of a predeterminedtype. The polarity of the somatic proembryo was establishedfrom the first divisions and it was marked by precocious developmentof an easily recognizable suspensor. Other analogies with thedevelopment of the zygote are also emphasised. Vitis vinifera L.; grapevine; somatic embryogenesis; proembryogenesis; histology |
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