多孔菌Trichaptum abietinum 1302BG自然条件下对合成染料刚果红和酸性品红的高效降解

选用杭州竹林土壤分离并筛选能够降解多种类型染料的真菌。经大量筛选发现一株编号为1302BG的真菌能够在固体培养基上分解所测试的全部9种染料(苯胺蓝、刚果红、橙黄G、甲基红、甲基橙、结晶紫、酸性品红、番红花红、碱性品红、甲基紫)。经形态学和分子生物学方法鉴定, 该菌1302BG为冷杉附毛孔菌(Trichaptum abietinum)。在液体培养基中研究了pH、温度、碳源、氮源、碳氮源组合、碳氮源浓度等参数对该菌脱色效果的影响, 以寻找最适最经济的脱色条件。在液体培养基中研究表明, 冷杉附毛孔菌1302BG既能在酸性又能在碱性条件下有效分解2种测试染料(酸性品红和刚果红)。该真菌能以仅含有0.5 g/L淀粉和0.05 g/L硫酸铵的经济、环境友好的培养基为底物, 能在灭菌和非灭菌(自然)的条件下高效脱色, 在24 h内对2种染料的脱色率均在90%以上。紫外/可见光谱及微核试验分析显示, 该菌脱色主要是以生物降解为主, 2种染料经该菌分解后的毒性也同时大大降低。这些优异特点显示了该菌具有非常广阔的工业染料废水处理应用潜力。

Efficient degradation of polyporus fungus Trichaptum abietinum 1302BG on the synthetic dyes congo red and fuchsin acid under non-sterile condition

Soil samples collected from bamboo agroforestry fields in Hangzhou, China, were studied for screening and isolation of fungal strains capable of degradation of structurally different dyes. Among all isolates, an isolate (1302BG) could decolorize all of the 9 tested dyes (Aniline blue, Congo red, Orange G, Methyl red, Methyl orange, Crystal violet, Fuchsin acid, Safranine T, Fuchsin basic, and Methyl violet) on the solid agar plates. The isolate was identified as Trichaptum abietinum by morphological and molecular methods. Different parameters such as pH, temperature, carbon source, nitrogen source, co-effect of carbon and nitrogen source, and carbon/nitrogen regimes were used to find an inexpensive medium for Trichaptum abietinum 1302BG to decolorize. The results showed that the strain was very efficient at decolorizing the two tested dyes (Congo red and Fuchsin acid) in both acid and basic conditions. The inexpensive and environment-friendly medium contained 0.5 g/L starch and 0.05 g/L ammonium sulfate and could decolorize the two dyes over 90% after 24 hours incubation under both sterile and non-sterile (nature) conditions. The UV-vis absorption spectrum indicated that the decolorization by this fungus should be attributed to biodegradation. A great decrease in toxicity after the decolorization of Congo red and Fuchsin acid was observed by micronucleus tests. The results suggest that Trichaptum abietinum 1302BG is a highly promising fungus for the treatment of industrial dye effluents.