高通量测序技术分析猪粪堆肥过程中微生物群落结构变化

为了解猪粪堆肥过程中微生物群落结构组成及多样性的变化,采集猪粪堆肥过程的三个代表性样品—新鲜猪粪、高温堆肥、腐熟堆肥,利用Illumina Miseq高通量测序技术对16S rRNA V4～V5可变区序列进行测序,分别获得37 009、42 470、36 713条有效序列及328、280、160个操作分类单元(OTU)。Alpha多样性分析表明,在堆肥过程中微生物群落丰富度呈现降低趋势,而多样性呈现先上升后下降趋势。随着堆肥的进行,在门水平上,厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门和软壁菌门相对丰度降低,而变形菌门和放线菌门相对丰度升高;在属水平上,Turicibacter、Terrisporobacter、Parabacteroides、Clostridium sensu stricto、Corynebacterium等来自动物肠道的微生物相对丰度明显下降,Thermopolyspora、Thermomonospora、Thermobifida、Halocella等耐热耐盐微生物成为最主要优势菌。堆肥过程不同菌群优势度的变化是微生物与堆肥中各理化因子相互作用的结果。

Analysis of Microbial Community Changes in Pig Excrement during Compost Process Based on High-Throughput Sequencing Technology

In order to understand the changes of microbial community structure composition and diversity in pig excrement during compost process, fresh pig excrement, high temperature compost, and decomposed compost three representing samples were sequenced with Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing technology for their 16S rDNA V4-V5 variable regions and respectively obtained 37 009, 42 470 and 36 713 valid sequences as well as 328, 280 and 160 OTU. Alpha diversity analysis showed that microbial community richness tended to descend during the composting, but diversity increased first and then descended. With the compost process to proceed the relative abundance at phylum level of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Tenericutes was descending, while the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria was increasing; however, at the genus level, the relative abundance of Turicibacter, Terrisporobacter, Parabacteroides, Clostridium sensu stricto 1, and Corynebacterium 1 etc. from the animal intestinal microbial the relative abundance declined sharply. After composting, some heat resistant salt tolerant microorganisms like Thermopolyspora, Thermomonospora, Thermobifida and Halocella had become the mainly dominant bacteria. The changes of dominance of different floras in the composting process were the results of the interaction among microorganisms and physicochemical factors in the composting.