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Orange IV stabilizes silk fibroin microemulsions
Authors:Ana V Ferreira  Vadim Volkov  Nuno Azoia  Cláudia M Botelho  Artur Cavaco‐Paulo
Institution:Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
Abstract:Silk fibroin (SF) is a natural biopolymer that has been extensively studied in various applications due to its impressive mechanical properties and biocompatibility. Recently, SF‐based particles have been proposed as controlled drug delivery systems. A new and efficient method to prepare SF microemulsions (SF‐MEs) was developed by oil‐in‐water emulsions using high‐pressure homogenization to promote emulsification. During SF‐ME production, the secondary structure of SF changed to a more stable conformation (from random coil to β‐sheets), thus allowing the formation of small and stable (140.7 ± 1.9 nm; polydispersity index, 0.25) SF microparticles (SF‐MPs). The efficiency of SF‐MP formation was 60%. Orange IV was used as a model compound for incorporation and release studies, although its incorporation into the SF‐MEs significantly improved particle size and size distribution over at least 4 wk compared to traditional stabilizers (e.g., poloxamer 407, transcutol, Tween 80, and SDS). This should be a call of attention when using dyes as model compounds since they can influence particle properties and lead to misinterpretation of the results. Orange IV showed an incorporation efficiency of 91% and a controlled release over time. Stable SF‐MP formulations, further enhanced by orange IV incorporation, provide an innovative method with potential application in pharmaceutical development due to its associated high biocompatibility and release profile.
Keywords:High‐pressure homogenizer  Microemulsions  Microparticles  Orange IV  Silk fibroin
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