The 2,4-D-induced wheat para-nodules are modified lateral roots with structure enhanced by rhizobial inoculation |
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Authors: | Perigio B Francisco Jr Shoichiro Akao |
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Institution: | (1) Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines, Diliman, 1101 Quezon City, Philippines;(2) Laboratory of Nitrogen Fixation, National Institute of Agrobiological Resources, 2-1-2 Kannondai, 305 Tsukuba City, Ibaraki, Japan;(3) Present address: USDA/ARS Plant Physiology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Illinois, 1201 W. Gregory Drive, 331 PABL, 61801 Urbana, IL, USA |
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Abstract: | Nodular outgrowths (para-nodules or p-nodules) on the roots of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Miskle seedlings were induced by treatment with 0.3 and 0.6mg L–1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate (2,4-D). When co-inoculated with Rhizobium trifolii strain ATCC 14480, more p-nodules were formed at these levels and p-nodulation occured at 0.1 mg L–1 indicating that inoculation enhances 2,4-D-induced p-nodulation. Similar to lateral roots, the p-nodules arose from the pericycle opposite the phloem tissues and were free from the cortical cells of the parental root at all stages of development. Structurally, the p-nodules exhibited tissue differentiation. They possessed a highly organized central vascular cylinder connected to that of the parent root, an endodermis, a cap, and an apical and lateral meristems. P-nodules formed by 2,4-D treatment alone were irregularly lobed due to uncoordinated activity of the apical meristem, while those in the combined 2,4-D and inoculation treatment were more globose. The results of the present study indicate that the 2,4-D-induced wheat p-nodules are modified lateral roots, the structure of which is enhanced by rhizobial inoculation. |
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Keywords: | 2 4-dichlorophenoxyacetate para-nodule Rhizobium trifolii structure Triticum aestivum L wheat |
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