土地整理项目区的景观格局及其生态效应

目前项目角度的土地整理生态效应评价较少,受到研究幅度的制约,而且已有研究中对景观格局优化目标和生态效应的系统分析较少.选择典型的土地整理项目作为研究案例,以GIS和景观指数为研究手段,结合景观格局优化目标建立相应的指标体系,对土地整理的生态效应进行评价.研究表明,土地整理项目的生态效应指标体系包括提升生物多样性、维持物质和能量流通、维持景观格局稳定、提升生活环境品质、提高生态服务价值等5个方面.研究区土地整理具有正效应和负效应,最大斑块面积提高、斑块密度减少、聚集度提高、廊道宽度和连通度提高、缓冲区宽度增加、植被覆盖增加、合理功能分区是土地整理的正效应,而景观多样性降低、分维数减少和生态服务价值降低是其负效应.因此,在土地整理规划和设计时应融入景观设计和生态保育思想.

Evaluation of ecological effect and landscape pattern in land consolidation project

Constrained by research extent, evaluation of ecological effect in land consolidation project is relatively lacking at present. In addition, attention has rarely been paid to the systematic analysis of optimized goals of landscape pattern and ecological effect in land consolidation planning. Based on GIS and landscape metrics, this paper made an evaluation of the ecological effect by a proposed indices system towards the optimized landscape pattern through a typical land consolidation project. The proposed evaluation indices were oriented to five goals including promoting bio-diversity, maintaining material and energy circulation, stabilizing landscape pattern, keeping the level of life environment quality, and increasing ecological service value. The result of the employed land consolidation project in the paper showed both positive and negative ecological effect. The positive effect was indicated by the increased largest patch area, contagion index, corridor width and connectivity, corridor buffers, vegetation cover and strengthened functional zone along with the decreased patch density. Meanwhile, negative effect was manifested by the increased landscape diversity, decreased fraction dimension and reduced ecological service value. The paper thus finally suggested that landscape design and ecological protection must be taken into account in land consolidation planning.