Antifungal Resistance and Virulence Among <Emphasis Type="Italic">Candida</Emphasis> spp. from Captive <Emphasis Type="Italic">Amazonian manatees</Emphasis> and West Indian Manatees: Potential Impacts on Animal and Environmental Health |
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Authors: | José Júlio Costa Sidrim Vitor Luz Carvalho Débora de Souza Collares Maia Castelo-Branco Raimunda Sâmia Nogueira Brilhante Gláucia Morgana de Melo Guedes Giovanna Riello Barbosa Stella Maris Lazzarini Daniella Carvalho Ribeiro Oliveira Ana Carolina Oliveira de Meirelles Fernanda Löffler Niemeyer Attademo Augusto Carlos da Bôaviagem Freire Waldemiro de Aquino Pereira-Neto Rossana de Aguiar Cordeiro José Luciano Bezerra Moreira Marcos Fábio Gadelha Rocha |
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Institution: | 1.Centro Especializado em Micologia Médica (CEMM),Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC),Fortaleza,Brazil;2.Associa??o de Pesquisa e Preserva??o de Ecossistemas Aquáticos (AQUASIS),Caucaia,Brazil;3.Centro de Preserva??o e Pesquisa de Mamíferos Aquáticos (CPPMA) da Eletrobras Amazonas Energia,Presidente Figueiredo,Brazil;4.Centro Nacional de Manejo, Conserva??o e Pesquisa de Mamíferos Aquáticos (CMA/ICMBio),Ilha de Itamaracá,Brazil;5.Departamento de Engenharia de Transportes,Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC),Fortaleza,Brazil;6.Programa de Pós-Gradua??o em Ciências Veterinárias (PPGCV), Faculdade de Veterinária,Universidade Estadual do Ceará (UECE),Fortaleza,Brazil |
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Abstract: | This work aimed at evaluating the antifungal susceptibility and production of virulence factors by Candida spp. isolated from sirenians in Brazil. The isolates (n = 105) were recovered from the natural cavities of Amazonian and West Indian manatees and were tested for the susceptibility to amphotericin B, itraconazole, and fluconazole and for the production of phospholipases, proteases, and biofilm. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for amphotericin B ranged from 0.03 to 1 µg/mL, and no resistant isolates were detected. Itraconazole and fluconazole MICs ranged from 0.03 to 16 µg/mL and from 0.125 to 64 µg/mL, respectively, and 35.2% (37/105) of the isolates were resistant to at least one of these azole drugs. Concerning the production of virulence factors, phospholipase activity was observed in 67.6% (71/105) of the isolates, while protease activity and biofilm production were detected in 50.5% (53/105) and 32.4% (34/105) of the isolates, respectively. Since the natural cavities of manatees are colonized by resistant and virulent strains of Candida spp., these animals can act as sources of resistance and virulence genes for the environment, conspecifics and other animal species, demonstrating the potential environmental impacts associated with their release back into their natural habitat. |
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