白蚁表皮碳氢化合物组分鉴定及分类学意义

应用GC-MS分析表明，不同种类白蚁表皮碳氢化合物组成和含量均有差异。运用UPGMA聚合R分析的最小距离系数值绘制的系统树表明：圆唇凸额类白蚁——黄胸散白蚁Reticulitermes flaviceps、双色散白蚁R. dichrous和R. sp.1之间；圆唇平额类白蚁——圆唇散白蚁R. labralis、小头散白蚁R. microcephalus、R. sp.2和R. sp.3之间； 尖唇类白蚁——海南异白蚁Heterotermes hainanensis、拧黄异白蚁H. citrinus、细颚异白蚁H.leptomandibularis、尖唇异白蚁H. aculabialis和H. sp. 4之间的亲缘关系较近。3类白蚁中，圆唇凸额类白蚁和圆唇平额类白蚁亲缘关系相近，而两者与尖唇类白蚁亲缘关系较远。实验结果表明，我国存在异白蚁属，它与散白蚁属主要区别在于其表皮缺乏以下数种碳氢化合物：正十七烷烃、正二十烷烃、正二十一烷烃、正二十二烷烃、正二十三烷烃、正二十四烷烃和正二十六烷烃等；却含有一种特殊化合物异喹啉。表皮碳氢化合物分析的结果与形态分类的结果有一定差异，形态分类被鉴定为双色散白蚁的R. sp.1，被鉴定为小头散白蚁的R. sp.2，被鉴定为圆唇散白蚁的R.sp.3，被鉴定为尖唇散白蚁的H. sp.4，根据表皮碳氢化合物分析的结果，R. sp.1、R. sp.3和H. sp.4可能是其他种，而R. sp.2则可能是圆唇散白蚁的亚种或其他种。

Analysis of cuticular hydrocarbons of termites and its application in taxonomy

The analysis of the termite cuticular hydrocarbon of twelve samples of termites showed that there was discrepancy in the cuticular hydrocarbons components and quantity for different species. The dendrogram based on the value of the smallest distance coefficient gained by UPGMA cluster analysis indicated that: the relative relationship of Reticulitermes flaviceps, R. dichrous and R. sp.1, belonging to Frontotermes, is rather close; the relative relationship of R.labralis, R.microcephalus, R. sp.2 and R. sp.3, belonging to Planifrontotermes, is also rather close; the relative relationship of Heterotermes hainanensis, H. citrinus, H. leptomandibularis, H. aculabialis and H. sp.4, belonging to Heterotermes, is rather close as well. Among the three groups of termites, the relative relationship between Frontotermes and Planifrontotermes is closer; however, the relative relationship between these two and Heterotermes is rather distant. According to our experiments, there is Heterotermes in China. The main difference between Heterotermes and Reticulitermes is that Heterotermes lacks such hydrocarbons as heptadecane, eicosane, heneicosane, docosane, tricosane, tetracosane, hexacosane and so on, but has the isoquinoline. Besides, when classified according to the morphology, R. sp.1 was identified as R. dichrous, R. sp.2 as R. microcephalus, R. sp.3 as R. labralis and H. sp.4 as H. aculabialis. The experiment shows that there is difference in the classification based on cuticular hydrocarbons and that based on morphology for R. sp.1, R. sp.2, R. sp.3 and H. sp.4. R.sp.1, R. sp.3 and H. sp.4 should be identified as other species according to the results of analysis of cuticular hydrocarbons and R. sp.2 belongs to subspecies of R. labralis or other species.