Cadmium increases the activity levels of glutamate dehydrogenase and cysteine synthase in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
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| Institution: | 1. Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China;3. Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China;4. College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China;1. Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X1290, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.;2. Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4, Canada,;3. Department of Zoology, Centre for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;4. Department of Biology and Chemistry, State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China;5. School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;6. State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, China;7. Coastal Systems Research Group, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Durban, South Africa;8. Nelson Mandela University, P.O. Box 77000, NMU, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa |
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| Abstract: | The presence of 300 μM Cd2+ in culture medium was found to be toxic to Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, reducing growth and productivity by about 48%. Approximately 30% of the total cadmium in the medium was accumulated by the alga resulting in 0.88% of the algal dried biomass. Elemental analysis indicated a cadmium-dependent decrease in the C (about 3.2%) and N content (about 7.1%) within C. reinhardtii, while the S content increased by approximately 7.5%. In parallel, Cd2+ produced a significant activation of the aminating glutamate dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.2) activity and also NAD+- and NADP+-isocitrate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.41 and 1.1.1.42, respectively) activities upon 24 h of the exposure to 150 μM of the metal. These data are consistent with the key role of the glutamate dehydrogenase/isocitrate dehydrogenase system to supply the glutamate required for the Cd2+-induction of phytochelatin synthesis in the alga. Moreover, the presence of cadmium in the culture medium enhances the sulfate uptake rate and the components of the cysteine synthase complex within the cells such as the serine acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.30) and O-acetyl-L-serine (thiol)lyase (EC 4.2.99.8) activities. |
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