Development of microsporidia-infected Muscidifurax raptor (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) at different temperatures |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA;2. USDA-ARS-Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, P.O. Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA;1. Department of Biology, Saint Mary’s University, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada;2. Department of Chemistry, Saint Mary’s University, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada;1. Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of São Paulo, “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture (USP/ESALQ), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil;2. Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil;3. Research Center for Family Agriculture, Research and Rural Extension Company of Santa Catarina (EPAGRI/CEPAF), Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil;1. Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States;2. USDA, ARS, CMAVE, 1600 S.W. 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608, United States;1. Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, St Mary''s Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, UK;2. Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark;3. The Paul Mellon Laboratory, “Brunswick”, 18 Woodditton Road, Newmarket, Suffolk CB8 9BJ, UK |
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| Abstract: | Muscididfurax raptor, a pupal parasitoid of house flies and other filth flies, is commonly infected with the microsporidium Nosema muscidifuracis. To determine the effects of infection on developmental time, uninfected and infected adult M. raptor were allowed to parasitize pupae of the house fly (Musca domestica) for 24 h. Exposed pupae of the two groups (infected and uninfected) were held at 15, 20, 25, 30, 32, and 34 °C with 75–80% relative humidity. Development of infected M. raptor was significantly longer at all temperatures than that of uninfected parasitoids, resulting in approximately 7% extensions of developmental times. Uninfected females completed development in 14.6, 19.6, and 30.4 days at 30, 25, and 20 °C, respectively, compared with 15.8, 20.7, and 32.3 days for infected females at these temperatures. The differences in developmental times provided narrow windows for isolating large proportions of uninfected M. raptor females for disease management programs. This window was greatest at 20 °C; 61% of the uninfected females emerged by day 30, at which time only 10% of the infected females had emerged. |
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