高黎贡山地区民族植物学的初步研究Ⅱ.独龙族

采用民族植物学和人类生态学的方法，初步研究了云南高黎贡山北部独龙江流域内独龙族的农业生态系统和采集利用植物的传统知识。处于近乎封闭的自然与社会环境中，独龙族与植物及植物环境的关系十分密切。独龙族的农业生态系统是典型的山地轮歇农业生态系统，系统中存在不少有价值的传统品种和地方品种，并以种植桤木(Alnusnepalensis)来促进轮歇地的休闲管理为特色，对保护当地的森林、生态系统和生物多样性起到了积极的作用。独龙族人人参与野生食用植物的采集活动，它是独龙族社会中仅次于农业生产而位居第二的重要经济活动，共采集100余种野生食用植物，其中有很大一部分是能代替粮食的产淀粉类植物。独龙族采集利用100多种药用植物，云黄连(Coptisteeta)和贝母(Fritillaria cirrhosa)等草药储量丰富，是独龙族用于同外界进行物资交换的主要物品。在其它植物资源的利用方面，独龙族也积累了丰富的传统知识，包括对纤维植物、染料植物等的认识和利用。桤木和董棕(Caryotaurens)两个树种是体现独龙族传统植物学和生态学知识的代表种类。独龙族对植物的传统知识，有必要进行深入研究。

Ethnobotanical Studies inGaoligong Mountains:

Thetraditional agro-ecosystem and indigenous botanical knowledge of the Dulong ethnic groupin the Dulong Jiang (Dulong River) watershed of northern Gaoligong Mountains in westernYunnan, China are extensively investigated and studied through the approaches of humanecology and ethnobotany. Living in a very isolated environment, the Dulong people haveestablished very close relationships with plants and the plant environment. Theagro-ecosystem in the Dulong Jiang watershed is a typical montane swidden agro-ecosystemin which there are various traditional cultivars and local landraces of crops withpotential value outside of their area. People have been practiced shifting cultivation forhundred years. The large scale of alder (Alnus nepalensis) plantation in the swiddensystem makes a positive contribution to the protection of local forests, agro-ecosystem,and biodiversity. Every member in the Dulong communities has to collect wild edible plantsfor subsistence although the labor allocation in food plant collection and preparation isvery different between gender and age. To collect edible plants is the second mostimportant production activity in the Dulong society, followed the agricultural activity infarming fields. The Dulong people collect and use over 100 species of wild edible plantswhile those with rich starch account for the majority. More than 100 species of medicinalplants are also collected and used by the Dulong people. Medicinal herbs such as Coptisteeta and Fritillaria cirrhosa play an important role in bartering with the people outsideof the society. The Dulong people also possess abundant indigenous knowledge of otheruseful plants such as fiber and dye plants. Alder trees and Caryota urens can be regardedas two representative species to indicate the Dulong people's indigenous ethnobotanicaland ethnoecological knowledge? The authors finally, strongly propose furtherethnobotanical studies in the Dulong communities.