高黎贡山地区民族植物学的初步研究Ⅱ.独龙族

采用民族植物学和人类生态学的方法，初步研究了云南高黎贡山北部独龙江流域内独龙族的农业生态系统和采集利用植物的传统知识。处于近乎封闭的自然与社会环境中，独龙族与植物及植物环境的关系十分密切。独龙族的农业生态系统是典型的山地轮歇农业生态系统，系统中存在不少有价值的传统品种和地方品种，并以种植桤木(Alnus nepalensis)来促进轮歇地的休闲管理为特色，对保护当地的森林、生态系统和生物多样性起到了积极的作用。独龙族人人参与野生食用植物的采集活动，它是独龙族社会中仅次于农业生产而位居第二的重要经济活动，共采集100余种野生食用植物，其中有很大一部分是能代替粮食的产淀粉类植物。独龙族采集利用100多种药用植物，云黄连(Coptis teeta)和贝母(Fritillaria cirrhosa)等草药储量丰富，是独龙族用于同外界进行物资交换的主要物品。在其它植物资源的利用方面，独龙族也积累了丰富的传统知识，包括对纤维植物、染料植物等的认识和利用。桤木和董棕(Caryota urens)两个树种是体现独龙族传统植物学和生态学知识的代表种类。独龙族对植物的传统知识，有必要进行深入研究。

Ethnobotanical Studies in Gaoligong Mountains:

The traditional agro-ecosystem and indigenous botanical knowledge of the Dulong ethnic group in the Dulong Jiang (Dulong River) watershed of northern Gaoligong Mountains in western Yunnan, China are extensively investigated and studied through the approaches of human ecology and ethnobotany. Living in a very isolated environment, the Dulong people have established very close relationships with plants and the plant environment. The agro-ecosystem in the Dulong Jiang watershed is a typical montane swidden agro-ecosystem in which there are various traditional cultivars and local landraces of crops with potential value outside of their area. People have been practiced shifting cultivation for hundred years. The large scale of alder (Alnus nepalensis) plantation in the swidden system makes a positive contribution to the protection of local forests, agro-ecosystem, and biodiversity. Every member in the Dulong communities has to collect wild edible plants for subsistence although the labor allocation in food plant collection and preparation is very different between gender and age. To collect edible plants is the second most important production activity in the Dulong society, followed the agricultural activity in farming fields. The Dulong people collect and use over 100 species of wild edible plants while those with rich starch account for the majority. More than 100 species of medicinal plants are also collected and used by the Dulong people. Medicinal herbs such as Coptis teeta and Fritillaria cirrhosa play an important role in bartering with the people outside of the society. The Dulong people also possess abundant indigenous knowledge of other useful plants such as fiber and dye plants. Alder trees and Caryota urens can be regarded as two representative species to indicate the Dulong people's indigenous ethnobotanical and ethnoecological knowledge? The authors finally, strongly propose further ethnobotanical studies in the Dulong communities.