A new peptidyl fluorescent chemosensors for the selective detection of mercury ions based on tetrapeptide

A novel peptidyl chemosensor (PySO₂-His-Gly-Gly-Lys(PySO₂)-NH₂, 1) was synthesized by incorporation of two pyrene (Py) fluorophores into the tetrapeptide using sulfonamide group. Compound 1 exhibited selective fluorescence response towards Hg(II) over the other metal ions in aqueous buffered solutions. Furthermore, 1 with the potent binding affinity (K_d = 120 nM) for Hg(II) detected Hg(II) without interference of other metal ions such as Ag(I), Cu(II), Cd(II), and Pb(II). The binding mode of 1 with Hg(II) was investigated by UV absorbance spectroscopy, ¹H NMR titration experiment, and pH titration experiment. The addition of Hg(II) induced a significant decrease in both excimer and monomer emissions of the pyrene fluorescence. Hg(II) interacted with the sulfonamide groups and the imidazole group of His in the peptidyl chemosensor and then two pyrene fluorophores were close to each other in the peptide. The decrease of both excimer and monomer emission was mainly due to the excimer/monomer emission change by dimerization of two pyrene fluorophores and a quenching effect of Hg(II).