肝脏移植与肠道微生态变化的研究进展

摘要：肝移植已成为公认的治疗终末期肝疾病的有效手段。由于“肝－肠轴”和“肝脏－微生态轴”的存在，肝移植术后感染和移植肝损伤与肠道微生态变化密切相关。本研究综述了肝脏移植与肠道微生态变化的研究进展，主要包括大鼠肝移植中缺血再灌注损伤与肠道微生态变化、大鼠肝移植后移植排斥损伤与肠道微生态变化、大鼠肝损伤肝移植与肠道微生态变化的互作关系，以及临床肝移植围手术期、术前术后等与肠道微生态变化的研究。同时，指出了临床肝脏移植与肠道微生态变化可能的研究方向，提出了肝移植后微生物标志物的鉴定及潜在的靶向微生物治疗的策略。

Research advance on liver transplantation and intestinal microbial alterations

Abstract: Liver transplantation (LT) has been accepted as an established therapy for various end-stage liver diseases. Due to the liver-gut axis and liver-microbial axis, both postoperative infection and hepatic graft injury after LT are closely associated with intestinal microbial alterations. This article reviewed the research progress on liver transplantation and intestinal microbial alterations (IMA), mainly including researches on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury and IMA during LT in rats, hepatic rejection injury and IMA after LT in rats, the reciprocal action between the injured liver LT and IMA in rats, as well as clinical LT including the perioperative period and pre- & post-operation and IMA. Meanwhile, we indicated the possible directions of the researches on clinical LT and IMA, and proposed the strategies of microbial biomarker identification and potential targeted microbial therapy after LT.