Changes in mitochondrial respiration during the development of Xenopus laevis |
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| Authors: | H L?vtrup-Rein L Nelson |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Immunoregulation Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA;2. Departments of Biochemistry and Computer Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA;1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel;2. Network Biology Research Laboratory, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel;3. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel;1. Department of Biological Sciences, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, USA;2. Forensic Science Program, Physical Sciences Department, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL, USA;1. University of Zurich, Zurich Institute of Forensic Medicine, Forensic Genetics, Winterthurerstrasse 190/52, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland;2. National Center for Forensic Science, University of Central Florida, 12354 Research Parkway, Suite 225, Orlando, FL 32826, USA;3. Department of Chemistry, National Center for Forensic Science, University of Central Florida, 12354 Research Parkway, Suite 225, Orlando, FL 32826, USA;1. Service d’Anesthésie-Réanimation, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant 59, Boulevard Pinel, F-69677 Bron Cedex, France;2. Service de Biostatistique des Hospices Civils de Lyon 165, Chemin du Grand Revoyet, Bât 4D, F-69495 Pierre-Bénite, France;3. INSERM, CIC1407, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Est, 59 Bvd Pinel, F-69500 Bron, France;4. UMR 5558, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69100, France;1. Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, Field Science Education and Research Center, Kyoto University, 459 Shirahama, Nishimuro, Wakayama 649-2211, Japan;2. Museum of Zoology and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, 1109 Geddes Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1079, USA;3. Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564, Japan;4. Meguro Parasitological Museum, 4-1-1 Shimomeguro, Meguro, Tokyo 153-0064, Japan;5. Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Highashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0046, Japan;6. Department of Natural Environmental Studies, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564, Japan;7. National Museum of Nature and Science, Amakubo 4-1-1, Tsukuba 305-0005, Japan;8. Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;9. Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii, Kaneohe, HI 96744, USA;10. School of Life Sciences, 2450 Campus Road, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA;11. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phyathai Road, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;12. Institute of Geosciences, Shizuoka University, Oya 836, Shizuoka 422–8529, Japan;13. Department of Ocean Science, College of Natural Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea;14. Department of Earth and Planetary Science, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan |
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| Abstract: | Mitochondria isolated from Xenopus laevis embryos at various developmental stages show a good oxidative capacity and an acceptable respiratory control provided that certain requirements are fulfilled. The rates of respiration with pyruvate and Krebs' cycle intermediates, especially with citrate and isocitrate, are very low during cleavage stages and increase after gastrulation. Glutamate in the presence of malate is the only substrate to be readily oxidized during early development and its rate of oxidation decreases after gastrulation. These results, together with the altered sensitivity of embryonic mitochondria towards azide, support the view that the oxidative metabolism undergoes important changes around gastrulation and is associated with mitochondrial differentiation. |
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