Considering human toxicity as an impact category in life cycle assessment |
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Authors: | Detlef Keller Ulrich Wahnschaffe Gerhard Rosner Inge Mangelsdorf |
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Institution: | (1) Fraunhofer Institute — Toxicology and Aerosol Research ITA, D-30625 Hannover, Germany |
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Abstract: | Characterization of toxic chemicals with relevance to human exposure does normally not belong to Life Cycle Assessments (LCA)
and is still a topic of research. The concept of hazard potential classes proposed in this paper is primarily based on threshold
limit values that are considered to be a measure of the severity of potential effects. In the absence of threshold limit values
the R-phrases of the ordinance of dangerous substances are used. Substances are assigned to five hazard potential classes
(A to E). Potentially dangerous chemicals are identified and substances of low toxicological relevance are excluded from further
evaluation. The location where a probable exposure might occur (indoor versus outdoor) and inter-media transport of substances
is considered. The product comparison is based both on the results of the proposed “semi-quantitative screening method” and
on toxicological expert knowledge. |
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Keywords: | Dangerous substances R-phrases hazard potential classes dangerous substances human exposure toxic chemicals indoor exposure outdoor exposure semi-quantitative screening method toxic chemicals characterization |
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