用ELISA方法研究稻田节肢动物的食物关系

应用酶联免疫吸附试验双抗体夹心法，研究了稻田节肢动物，包括19种捕食性天敌、4种主要水稻害虫及1种中性昆虫之间的食物关系。在检测的19种捕食者中，有15种捕食了白背飞虱，11种捕食了褐飞虱。其中食虫沟瘤蛛、拟水狼蛛、八斑鞘蛛、粽管巢蛛、四斑锯螯蛛和拟环纹豹蛛对两种稻飞虱的捕食阳性率较高。有7种捕食了稻纵卷叶螟幼虫，其中粽管巢蛛、褶管巢蛛、拟环纹豹蛛、青翅蚁形隐翅虫和印度细颈步甲的捕食阳性率较高。拟环纹豹蛛、浙江豹蛛和拟水狼蛛对稻蝗若虫有较高的阳性率。13种捕食者捕食了摇蚊，摇蚊作为替代或补充猎物，对稻田捕食性节肢动物亚群落的重建和发展具有重要意义。在实验检测的基础上，构建了被检测节肢动物猎物与捕食者间的食物关系图。

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay used to detect the food relationships of the arthropods in paddy fields

The double antibody sandwich technique, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), was developed to detect the food relationships among 19 species of predators, 4 pest insects and 1 neutral insect in paddy fields in Dasha Township, Sihui County, Guangdong Province. The results indicated that 15 and 11 species of predatory arthropods preyed on the white-back planthopper, Sogatella furcifera, and the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens , respectiv-ely. Ummeliata insecticeps, Pirata subpiraticus,Coleosoma octomaculatum,Clubiona japonocola,Dyschiriognatha quadrimaculata and Pardosa pseudoannulata were the major natural enemies of the two planthoppers. Seven predatory species preyed on Cnaphalocrocis medinalis larva, of which Clubiona japonocola, C. corrugata,Pardosa pseudoannulata, Paederus fuscipes and Casnoidea indica were the important ones. P. pseudoannulata, P. tschekiangensis and P. subpiraticus were the major predators on nymph of Oxya sp. Chironomus sp. was preyed by 13 predatory species. As the major or supplementary prey of predators, Chironomus sp. played an important role in re-establishment and regulation the structure of arthropod community in paddy fields. The food relationship pattern of the assayed arthropods in paddy fields was constructed based on the results of the ELISA.