三江源国家公园鸟类物种多样性研究

三江源国家公园位于青藏高原腹地,是生物多样性最为集中的区域。为了系统掌握公园内的鸟类分布状况,2015—2017年,对三江源国家公园区域进行了长期的野外调查,结合文献资料,发现三江源国家公园内共分布野生鸟类196种,隶属于18目45科121属。各级保护鸟类59种,占公园鸟类总数的30.1%,其中,国家I级重点保护鸟类8种;国家II级重点保护鸟类27种;青海省级保护鸟类24种。另外,还有国家三有鸟类120种。根据中国物种红色名录,受威胁(濒危、易危和近危)物种有39种,占公园鸟类总数的19.9%。中国特有鸟类15种,占园区内鸟类总数的7.65%。在地理分布型上,三江源国家公园位于古北界青藏区,古北界物种有145种;东洋界物种有37种;广布种有14种。利用G-F指数对物种多样性进行评估,三江源国家公园鸟类的G-F指数为0.825,表明公园内的鸟类物种多样性处于较高水平。长江源园区、澜沧江源园区和黄河源园区的平均动物区系相似性结果表明,三个园区之间动物区系关系均为密切关系。三江源国家公园鸟类物种多样性高、特有种及珍稀濒危物种丰富,具有极高的保护价值和意义。

Species diversity of birds in the Three-River-Source National Park

The Three-River-Source National Park located at the hinterland of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, is the most concentrated biodiversity hotspot. From 2015 to 2017, the faunas and the distribution of wide birds in the Three-River-Source National Park were surveyed. Based on the results of field surveys and previously reported data, 196 bird species were recorded in the national park, belonging to 18 orders, 45 families, and 121 genera. In total 59 species of protected birds are present in the park, exceeding the total number of distributed birds by 30.1%. There are 8 and 27 species among class I and II nationwide key protected birds, respectively, and 24 species were enlisted as key protected animals of Qinghai Province. In addition, there are 120 species of birds in the list of beneficial species. Furthermore, 39 species were classified under the threatened (including endangered, vulnerable and near danger) category in the Red List of China''s Vertebrates, accounting for 19.9% species distributed in the Three-River-Source National Park. Fifteen species were endemic to China, accounting for 7.65%. In terms of geographical distribution, the Three-River-Source National Park is located in the Qinghai-Tibet region of the ancient northern boundary, with 145 species of the ancient northern boundary, 37 species of the eastern ocean boundary, and 14 widely distributed species. The results of G-F index analysis revealed that species diversity was high in the Three-River-Source National Park. Comparison of the average faunal similarity between the Chang Jiang River Source park, the Lan Cang River Source Park, and the Yellow River Source Park revealed that the three zones are all closely related. Bird species in the Three-River-Source National Park display high biodiversity, being rich in endemic, rare, and endangered species, with a very high significance and value for protection.