粤港澳大湾区生态系统服务识别、分类及制图

海岸带生态系统服务识别、分类与制图是合理利用海岸带自然资源，协调海岸带开发与保护矛盾的重要基础。现有生态系统服务分类方法在海岸带应用存在一定的局限性。在前人研究的基础上，以我国城市化和工业化水平较高的粤港澳大湾区为研究区，对该区域海岸带生态系统服务进行识别、分类，并在此基础上使用地图大数据与遥感解译的土地利用数据对海岸带生态系统服务进行了制图。共识别出35种海岸带生态系统服务，并对其中的31种服务进行制图。结果表明，建立的这套方法能较为系统地展示粤港澳大湾区生态系统服务的类型及空间分布特征。具体而言，该区域供给服务和文化服务在城市中心区较为集中，而调节服务多分布于城市周边。对识别的生态系统服务进行综合叠加分析，可将研究区分为文化服务主体区、供给服务主体区、调节服务主体区。建立的海岸带生态系统服务识别、分类体系和制图方法可操作性强，能为我国海岸带生态系统的保育、修复和重建提供科学基础。

Identification, classification, and mapping of coastal ecosystem services of the Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macao Great Bay Area

The coastal zones of eastern China have been experiencing rapid industrialization and urbanization over the past decades. In these coastal zones, population and economic activities as well as demand for resources have increased significantly over the years. Identification, classification, and mapping of coastal ecosystem services provide the basis for reasonable use of coastal natural resources, solving the conflicts between coastal development and conservation. However, the existing classification systems of ecosystems services reported in literature are not suitable for application in coastal areas. Based on previous research, we developed a general framework for identifying and classifying coastal ecosystem services in the highly urbanized and industrialized Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macao Great Bay Area. The framework is divided into four levels based on whether the ecosystem services are provided by biota or not, with the first level including provisioning services, regulating services, and cultural services. The ecosystems of this area are divided into coastal water, transitional water, terrestrial ecosystems, and freshwater, which are defined in the framework. Big data derived from maps and land use data derived from remotely sensed images served as the basis for mapping the identified ecosystem services in the framework. In this study, we identified 35 coastal ecosystem services and mapped 31 of them based on data availability. The results showed that the methodology built in this study can systematically identify the characteristics and spatial distributions of ecosystem services in the Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macao Great Bay Area. In particular, provisioning services and cultural services are concentrated in the central urban areas of the study region, while regulating services are aggregated in the urban outskirts. According to the overlay analysis of all mapped ecosystem service types, we assigned the study area into three main functional zones for providing ecosystem services:(i) cultural service zone that distributes in the central urban area, and cultural entertainment service is the main service type in this zone; (ii) provisioning service zone that distributes in the outskirts of the cultural service zone and provides food and materials for human beings; (iii) regulating service zone that distributes in the border of the study area and mainly regulates the urban environment. In conclusion, the methodology for identifying, classifying, and mapping coastal ecosystem services built in this study is practical, and can provide scientific reference for coastal ecosystem conservation, restoration, and reconstruction in China.