生物多样性维护生态保护红线划定方法对比

科学地评价区域内生物多样性维护功能重要性是生态保护红线划定中的重要环节,目前在生态保护红线划定导则中,推荐了NPP(净初级生产力,Net Primary Productivity)法和物种分布模型法,其中NPP法因其所需因子较少、计算简便得到广泛应用,物种分布模型法因所需因子较多、计算繁琐,应用较少。分别选用NPP法和MaxEnt(最大熵,Maximum Entropy)模型法对盘锦市生物多样性维护功能重要性进行评价,两种方法结果对比表明,NPP法无法覆盖全部的生物多样性重要区域,并且受农作物高NPP值的影响,其划定结果与鸟类实际分布范围不符,而MaxEnt模型法的结果更准确,与鸟类实际分布范围更相符,利用MaxEnt模型法最终得到盘锦市生物多样性维护生态保护红线面积1050.17km~2,占盘锦市陆域面积的25.85%,基本覆盖了境内东方白鹳、丹顶鹤、黑嘴鸥、震旦鸦雀等所有重点珍稀野生物种的栖息地和迁移路径的停歇地。本研究对生态保护红线划定工作具有重要的指导意义,其结果能为盘锦珍稀濒危鸟类的保护与管理提供科学支撑。

Different methods comparison of delineating the ecological protection red line for biodiversity conservation

Scientific evaluation of the importance of biodiversity conservation function is an important part in process of the ecological protection red line delineation. At present, Net Primary Productivity (NPP) method is widely used in delineating the ecological protection red line because it needs less factors and simple calculation. However, the application of species distribution model is less because it needs more factors and complicated calculation. We applied Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) model and NPP method respectively to evaluate the importance of biodiversity conservation function in Panjin, and then assessed the two methods. The results showed that the NPP method could not cover all important areas of biodiversity, and its results did not match the actual distribution of the birds because it was influenced by high NPP value of crops. Compared with the results of the NPP method, the MaxEnt model could not only get more accurate results, but also the results were more consistent with the actual distribution of the birds in Panjin. Finally, using the MaxEnt model method, the area of the biodiversity conservation function ecological protection red line in Panjin is 1050.17km², accounting for 25.85% of the land area of Panjin City. The area basically covers the habitats and migration paths of all key rare wild species such as Oriental White Stork, Red-crowned Crane, Black-billed Gull, and Aurora. This study has important guiding significance for the delineation of the ecological protection red lines. The results can provide scientific support for the protection and management of rare and endangered birds in Panjin.