效率视角下的省域生态文明建设评价研究

在界定生态文明概念的基础上,从省域层面入手,选取25个具有可操作性的评价指标,构建以国土空间优化、资源节约集约利用和生态环境保护为一级指标的生态文明建设评价指标体系,综合运用网络层次分析和集对分析等研究方法,定量研究我国省域生态文明建设绩效;在此基础上,将国土空间优化绩效、资源节约集约利用绩效和生态环境保护绩效作为产出指标,将就业人数、科学技术财政支出、节能环保财政支出作为投入指标,运用数据包络分析法测度各省(市)生态文明建设效率,分析指标投入冗余和产出不足情况,并修正评价绩效。研究表明:(1)规模效率低于0.6的省份共24个,占80%,规模效率不高是制约生态文明建设水平提升的重要障碍;(2)在生态文明建设投入冗余和产出不足方面,数值较高的省(市)在地理分布上具有明显的区域聚集性;(3)领先地区资源节约集约利用绩效平均分高达3.92,落后地区平均分仅为0.84,生态文明建设绩效的差异性在资源节约集约利用方面表现的尤为明显;(4)人口规模偏大、绿色生态空间建设滞后于经济发展、水资源利用效率不高是多数生态强省(市)的薄弱环节。

Research on provincial ecological civilization construction evaluation under the efficiency perspective

On the basis of the definition of ecological civilization and the Opinions of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on Accelerating the Ecological Civilization Construction and with reference to some scholars'' and research institutions'' contributions, we selected 25 operable evaluation criteria at provincial level in this study to construct an evaluation system of laterally comparable criteria with the primary criterion featuring land space optimization, resource intensive use and ecological environmental protection, and to conduct quantitative analysis of the performance of China''s provincial ecological civilization construction by joint use of analytic network process (ANP) and set pair analysis (SPA) method. On this basis, with the performances of land space optimization, resource intensive use, and ecological environmental protection as the output indicators and the number of employees, fiscal expenditures on science and technology, on energy saving and environmental protection as the input indicators, we measured the ecological civilization construction efficiency of provinces (or municipalities) and analyzed indicators input redundancy and output deficiency with data envelopment analysis(DEA), and revised the evaluation of performance. We have also done a great deal of work on exploratory research for the ecological civilization construction pursuing both quantity and quality. It shows that:(1) there are 24 provinces with scale efficiency lower than 0.6, accounting for 80%. Low scale efficiency is a major obstacle to improve the construction of ecological civilization in most regions; (2) when it comes to input redundancy and output deficiency in ecological civilization construction, provinces (or municipalities) with higher scale efficiency are obviously regionally concentrated in geographical distribution; (3) the leading regions have an average score of 3.92 in the performance of resource intensive use, while the backward regions only get 0.84 on average. The difference is evident in the aspect of resource intensive use; (4) large population, green ecological space construction that lags behind the economic development and low water utilization efficiency are still the weaknesses of the ecologically strong provinces (or municipalities).