基因组无痕修饰与动物转基因

动物转基因技术可以突破物种与年龄界限，有针对性地创造遗传变异.但是在转基因过程中，非目的序列的残留可能对后续研究造成障碍，甚至形成安全隐患.因此，对动物基因组进行无痕修饰的重要性日益凸显. 基因组无痕修饰目前主要有两套策略.一是人工核酸酶的非整合导入，这主要是通过RNA或蛋白质的形式实现，可有效避免核酸酶质粒DNA的残留.二是转基因载体的优化及整合后删除，它是借助Piggybac系统, 对末端重复单元之间的序列进行精确切离.本文总结了动物基因组无痕修饰的研究现状，并对其存在问题和应用前景做出评述，以期对我国的动物转基因研究和家畜转基因育种提供有益的参考和借鉴.

Seamless Genomic Engineering and Animal Transgenics

Animal transgenics could break down the barriers of species and age, creating targeted genetic mutation. But in the course of transgenic manipulations,sequence of non-interest might be introduced and retained, resulting in unpredictable effect and biosafety risks. Consequently, seamless genomic engineering is highly desirable. There have been two main routes so far to materialize seamless genome engineering. The first one is non-integration delivery of artificial nucleases. This is usually performed by RNA or protein transfection or injection, so as to prevent the random insertion of plasmid DNA of nucleases. The second way is the optimization of transgenes as well as post-integration deletion. This mainly takes advantage of piggybac transposon system owing to its capability of precise excision of sequence flanked by its terminal repeats. This review summarizes the recent developments and makes comments on the current concerns and potential applications of seamless genomic engineering, which might shed light on animal transgenics as well as transgenic livestock breeding in our country.