城市废弃物资源化共生网络:概念、特征及体系解析

挖掘城市废弃物中有价值的资源,已经成为世界各国开展废弃物开发与管理的共同选择。产业共生是推动经济绿色发展和提高资源效率的战略工具,已经成为探讨废弃物资源化利用问题的重要视角。将产业共生理论引入城市废弃物资源化利用领域,提出城市废弃物资源化共生网络的概念,并将其典型特征概括为"四个统一",即价值网络与责任网络的统一,集聚共生与虚拟共生的统一,稳健型与脆弱性的统一以及自组织性与主体建构性的统一。借鉴超网络理论构建城市废弃物资源化共生网络体系的结构模型,并从共生单元、共生模式、共生界面和共生环境4个层面对该模型进行详细解析。城市废弃物资源化共生网络可分为核心网络和外围网络,两者之间存在全方位、多层次的合作机制。在城市废弃物资源化共生网络中,共生单元具有多层次性和多样性特征,它们之间存在着不同类型、效率各异的共生关系,推动共生模式向对称互惠一体化共生进化是破解城市废弃物资源化利用难题的关键;共生界面具有物质交换、能量传递、信息共享、知识传播及利益协调等多样化功能,而共生关系的进化以及共生界面功能发挥又依赖于优越的共生环境。此外,城市废弃物资源化共生网络有依托型、平等型、嵌套型和虚拟型等4种运作模式,国内典型案例分析表明这4种运作模式将长期并存。

Symbiosis network for municipal waste recycling: concept, characteristics, and architecture analysis

Mining valuable resources in municipal waste is often used to exploit and manage waste across the world. Industrial symbiosis is a strategic tool that can promote green economic development and improve resource efficiency, which has become important aspects of waste resource utilization. This study introduces industrial symbiosis theory to municipal waste resource recycling, promotes the concept of municipal waste recycling symbiosis network, and summarizes the typical characteristics of a municipal waste recycling symbiosis network into "four unifications". These are the unification of the value network and the responsibility network, unification of cluster symbiosis and virtual symbiosis, unification of robustness and vulnerability, and unification of self-organization and subject constructiveness. A theoretical model, based on super network theory, was built to architecturally analyze a municipal waste recycling symbiosis network. In order to gain a comprehensive understanding of the model, this study undertook a detailed analysis of the model using the symbiotic unit, the symbiotic mode, the symbiotic interface, and the symbiotic environment. The model suggests that the symbiosis network for municipal waste recycling can be divided into two networks: the core network and the peripheral network. The core network consists of suppliers, recyclers, resource enterprises, and regeneration enterprises, whereas the peripheral network consists of governments, financial institutions, university research institutes, media outlets, industrial associations, and intermediary agencies. There is a comprehensive and multi-level cooperation mechanism between the two networks. Furthermore, the symbiotic unit is very diverse and has multi-level characteristics. There are different types of symbiotic relationships between symbiotic units with varying efficiency. Consequently, it is important to move primary symbiosis towards symmetric reciprocal and integrated symbiosis when attempting to solve municipal waste recycling problems. In the symbiosis network for municipal waste recycling, the symbiotic interface has material exchange, energy transfer, information sharing, knowledge dissemination, and interest coordination functions. The evolution of the symbiosis relationship and the functional efficiency of the symbiosis interface rely on a good quality symbiotic environment. In addition, there are four operation modes for a municipal waste recycling symbiosis network. These are the reliant, equal, nested, and virtual modes. A typical case analysis in China showed that these four operation modes coexist over the longer term.