基于16S rDNA测序对茶园土壤细菌群落多样性的研究

土壤细菌群落组成和多样性,对茶园土壤生态系统健康和肥力可持续性具有的重要理论意义。利用Illumina高通量测序技术测定分析16S rDNA,研究云南景迈山、布朗山和南糯山的现代茶园、古茶园(林)和森林土壤的细菌群落结构与多样性。结果表明:古茶园土壤细菌的丰度和多样性高于现代茶园及森林;研究土壤样本细菌共分属47个菌门、89个目,其中变形菌门、酸杆菌门、放线菌门、厚壁菌门与拟杆菌门是优势类群,它们在森林、现代茶园和古茶园土壤中的相对丰度累计分别达91.86%、82.48%和77.08%;伯克霍尔德氏菌目、根瘤菌目是优势菌群,其平均丰度分别达13.91%和8.17%,黄单胞菌目、红螺菌目、芽孢杆菌目、放线菌目和拟杆菌目等12个目的丰度较高,达2%以上;PCA分析表明:森林、现代茶园和古茶园土壤的细菌群落结构差异明显,除景迈山外,主要优势细菌丰度依次为:古茶园现代茶园森林,古茶园土壤细菌多样性有增强趋势。

Analysis of the bacterial community and diversity in tea plantation soil via 16S rDNA sequencing

The structure and diversity of soil bacterial communities in tea plantation soil is important for maintaining a healthy, fertile, and sustainable soil ecosystem. In the present study, soil bacterial communities and their diversity in ancient and modern tea plantations and forests in Jingmai, Bulang, and Nannuo mountains in the Yunnan Province were analyzed via Illumina sequencing of 16S rDNA. Soil bacterial abundance and diversity in ancient tea plantations were higher than those in modern tea plantations and forests. Operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were assigned to 47 phyla and 89 orders. Furthermore, Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes were the dominant phyla with relative abundances of 91.86%, 82.48% and 77.08% in forest, modern, and ancient tea plantations, respectively. At the order level, both Burkholderiales and Rhizobiales were dominant with average abundances of 13.91% and 8.17%, respectively. Moreover, the relative abundance of twelve orders including Xanthomonadales, Rhodospirillales, Bacillales, Actinomycetales, and Bacteroidales, etc., were greater than 2%. Principal component analysis revealed that soil bacterial community structures among forest, modern, and ancient tea plantations were significantly different. With the exception of the Jingmai mountain, the abundances of the primarily dominant soil bacteria were in order of ancient tea plantation > modern tea plantation > forest. Thus, the soil bacterial diversity in ancient tea plantations showed an increasing trend.