海洋自然保护区生态保护补偿机制

在提炼生态保护补偿概念内涵的基础上,综合考虑政策目标、海洋环境自然属性、自然保护区区域特殊性以及我国制度环境,明确了海洋自然保护区生态保护补偿的思路;根据相关法律法规,结合生态系统服务分析,对海洋自然保护区生态保护补偿机制的主体、客体和补偿标准进行了讨论。研究结果表明,海洋自然保护区生态保护补偿应该以持续的生态效益供给为目标,以正外部性内部化为基本原理;海洋自然保护区生态保护补偿的主体是国家,由相关政府部门代表国家履行补偿责任;补偿客体为保护区周边居民和保护区管理机构,对周边居民的补偿标准以其为保护区牺牲的生态效益价值来确定,对管理机构的补偿标准以其使保护区增加的生态效益价值来确定。在构建补偿机制框架后,探讨了保护区运营资金支持和补偿标准公信力等问题,为后续的研究实践提供参考与借鉴。

Use of the ecological protection compensation mechanism in marine nature reserves

On the basis of summarizing the connotation of ecological protection compensation (EPC) and taking into consideration the policy objective, the nature of marine environments, the particular characteristics of nature reserves, as well as China''s institutional context, the guideline of Ecological Protection Compensation Mechanism in Marine Nature Reserves (EPCM-MNRs) was developed. In accordance with the relevant laws and the ecosystem services analyses on typical Marine Nature Reserves (MNRs), the subjects, objects, and compensation standards of EPCM-MNRs were discussed. The results show that, EPCM-MNRs should aim to continue the sustainable supply of ecological benefits with the fundamental principle that internalization of positive externalities. The subject of EPCM-MNRs is the central government, some government departments should be as agents of the central government to fulfil the obligations of ecological protection compensation. The objects of EPCM-MNRs are the residents living in or around MNRs, and the administrator of MNRs. Compensation standards for the residents depend on the value of the ecological benefit they forfeited for the MNRs. Compensation standards for the administrator of MNRs depend on the value of increased ecological benefit, which is provided by MNR ecosystems under their management. Finally, based on the framework of the EPCM-MNRs, funding support for the operation of MNRs, and the credibility of compensation standards were discussed, providing a foundation for further research and practice.