基于DNA条形码的白斑切叶蜂粉源植物种类及多样性分析

利用人工蜂巢收集白斑切叶蜂(Megachile strupigera)蜂粮样本,并通过克隆测序方法,比较分析了新余市水北镇(XYSB)、吉安市戈坪乡(JAGP)、赣州市沙地镇(GZSD)和赣州市齐云山自然保护区(GZQYS)的4种不同林地类型的白斑切叶蜂粉源植物组成及多样性。共鉴定出粉源植物9科10属15种。其中黄荆Vitex negundo和山牡荆Vitex quinata为优势种。Chao1指数、Shannon-wiener指数和Simpson指数分析结果表明,4个样地粉源植物的丰富度和多样性依次为GZQYS>GZSD>XYSB>JAGP。并且,4个样地七月上旬的物种丰富度均明显高于八月中旬。同一时期的粉源植物种类及多样性存在显著差异,表明不同林地利用方式对白斑切叶蜂粉源植物多样性的影响非常明显,并随人为干扰程度的增高而降低。相同样地中2个不同时期均呈现出粉源植物多样性随花期变化而降低的趋势,但其主要粉源植物种类没有发生改变,表明该蜂主要粉源植物没有受到花期变化的影响。因此,黄荆和山牡荆是白斑切叶蜂的主要粉源植物,对维持白斑切叶蜂种群的稳定具有重要作用。

Analysis of species and diversities in the pollen plants of Megachile strupigera (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) by DNA barcoding

To clarify the composition and diversity of pollen plants of Megachile strupigera, the bee breads from four different types of sample plots, including Shuibei Town, Xinyu City (XYSB), Geping Town, Ji''an City (JAGP), Shadi Town, Ganzhou City (GZSD), and Qiyunshan Nature Reserve, Ganzhou City (GZQYS), were collected by artificial trap-nest and analyzed by cloning and sequencing. In total, 9 families, 10 genera, and 15 species were annotated. Vitex negundo and Vitex quinata were the dominant species. According to the indexes of Chao1, Shannon-wiener, and Simpson, the richness and diversity of pollen plants from the four sample plots were GZQYS > GZSD > XYSB > JAGP. Furthermore, each sample plot had a much higher species richness in early July than that of in mid-August. The significant differences and diversities of pollen plants among the four sample plots showed that different styles of forest land had significantly different effects on the diversity of pollen plants of M. strupigera, which would decrease with the increasing degree of artificial disturbance. For each sample plot, the diversity of pollen plants presented a declining tendency within the two time periods. However, the most abundance plant species did not change, which was not affected by seasonal flowering plants. Therefore, the main pollen plants of M. strupiger are V. negundo and V. quinata, which would play an important role in maintaining the population stability of M. strupigera.