五大连池新期火山熔岩台地不同植被类型土壤微生物群落的功能多样性

土壤微生物群落是陆地生态系统的重要生物活性成分，其结构和功能多样性直接影响到系统的碳、氮等生态过程，微生物群落功能多样性与地上植被类型变化密切相关，开展植被类型对土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响研究具有重要意义。以五大连池新期火山熔岩台地苔藓、草本、灌丛、矮曲林、针阔混交林5种典型植被类型为对象，利用BIOLOG微孔板法研究不同演替阶段植被类型土壤微生物群落功能多样性特征。结果表明：不同植被类型土壤微生物群落功能多样性存在显著差异。平均颜色变化率（AWCD）随培养时间延长而逐渐增加，大小顺序为：苔藓 > 针阔混交林 > 矮曲林 > 草本 > 灌丛。灌丛土壤微生物多样性指数与其他植被类型间差异显著。主成分分析结果表明，主成分1和主成分2分别能解释变量方差的56.24%和29.59%，不同植被类型下土壤微生物的碳源利用格局差异主要是由氨基酸类和带磷基糖类引起，二者合计解释总变异量的47.51%。冗余分析表明，速效磷、铵态氮、C：N和pH对微生物功能多样性具有显著的影响，羧酸类、氨基酸类、酯类和胺类的降解更易受到环境因素的影响。研究结果为进一步探讨植被类型与土壤微生物之间在植被演替过程中的关系提供参考。

Effect of vegetation type on the diversity of soil microbial communities at the new stage Volcanic Lava Platform, Wudalianchi area, Northeast China

Soil microorganisms are an important component of ecosystems and play an important role in the succession of new volcanic environments and vegetation. Furthermore, vegetation type is one of the most important factors influencing the functional diversity of soil microbial communities. However, the influence of vegetation types on soil microbial diversity during the process of vegetation succession, especially primary succession, remain poorly understood. Accordingly, the present study used a spatial, rather than temporal, approach to investigate the differences and changes of soil microbial community function in different stages of primary succession and to establish a basis for studying co-evolutionary relationships between soil microbial community function and environmental factors in the new volcanic lava platform. The aim of the study was to investigate the microbial characteristics of soil at different successional stages; Biolog microplate analysis was used to investigate the functional diversity of microbial communities associated with five typical vegetation types (i.e., moss, herbs, shrubs, elfin woods, and mixed broadleaf-conifer forest) at a new volcanic lava platform in the Wudalianchi area of China. Vegetation type had a significant effect on the functional diversity of the soil microbial communities. The average well colour development, which reflects soil microbial activity and functional diversity, increased with increasing incubation time and varied as follows:moss > mixed broadleaf-conifer forest > elfin woods > herbs > shrubs. The soil microbial diversity indices of the shrubs were significantly different than those of the other vegetation types. Principal component analysis identified two principal component factors that were related to carbon sources and explained 56.24% and 29.59% of the variance, respectively. Differences in the utilization of carbon sources by the soil microbial communities of different vegetation types were mainly caused by amino acids and carbohydrates containing phosphate rest, which explained 47.51% of the total variation. Redundancy analysis showed that available phosphorus, NH₄⁺-N, C/N, and pH had significant effects on microbial functional diversity. The degradation of carboxylic acids, amino acids, esters, and amines was more susceptible to environmental factors. These findings provide a reference for future studies regarding the complex interactions between vegetation type and soil microbes under different states of vegetation succession.