基于SURF指数识别海州湾食物网的关键饵料生物

关键种(keystone species)在生态系统中发挥着不可替代的重要作用,对于群落结构的稳定与演替起着决定性的作用。基于2011年3—12月在海州湾及其邻近海域进行的渔业资源底拖网调查资料以及胃含物分析数据和参考历史文献数据,以物种间的摄食关系作为基础,采用SURF(Supportive Role to Fishery ecosystems)指数识别海州湾食物网中的关键饵料生物。在矩阵中分析每个物种作为饵料生物为捕食者提供的摄食比例及捕食者数量,计算每个物种的关键指标(SURFi)的值,结果表明前五位数值较高的物种是细鳌虾(Leptochela gracilis)、毛虾(Acetessp.)、疣背宽额虾(Latreutes planirostris)、日本鼓虾(Alpheus japonicus)和鳀鱼(Engraulis japonicus),它们是海州湾的关键饵料生物,在整个食物网中起到关键的控制作用,它们的数量波动会对海州湾其他物种产生直接或间接的影响。加强关键饵料生物的保护,对于维持海州湾生态系统的健康和稳定至关重要。

Identification of keystone prey species in Haizhou Bay food web based on SURF index

Keystone species play an irreplaceable role in ecosystems and play a decisive role in the stability and succession of community structures. Based on the bottom trawl surveys from March to December in 2011 in Haizhou Bay and adjacent waters and reference historical literature, SURF (Supportive Role to Fishery ecosystems) index was calculated to identify keystone prey species in Haizhou Bay food web. In the matrix, we analyzed the ratio of food intake and predators for each species, and calculated the value of each species'' key indicator (SURF_i). The top five prey species were Leptochela gracilis, Acetes sp., Latreutes planirostris, Alpheus japonicus and Engraulis japonicus, which are keystone prey species in the Haizhou Bay ecosystem. As key prey species, they have relatively low trophic levels, which not only affect energy flow and mass transfer, but also control species diversity in the ecosystem. They play key roles in the control of the entire food web, and their fluctuations may have direct or indirect effects on other species in the Haizhou Bay food web. Therefore, it is critical to protect the key prey species for maintaining the health and stability of Haizhou Bay ecosystem.