城市生态网络分析研究进展

自生态网络分析方法提出40多年来,其理论发展和应用实践不断拓展,但直至21世纪才不断引入到城市生态系统研究中,用以分析城市内部多个主体和多种生态流构成的关联网络。目前,城市生态网络分析集中于生态网络分析方法与指标的拓展及多尺度的应用研究,而生态网络分析方法又形成了上升性分析和环境元分析两大分支,多尺度应用涵盖了城市镶嵌的区域背景尺度和城市内部产业部门之间的细节尺度。然而,当前研究仍存在着多尺度融合、多种生态网络分析方法集成不足等问题,这限制了城市生态网络分析方法在城市规划设计中的应用。未来城市生态网络分析研究集中于如下3点:(1)开展多尺度城市生态网络分析,包括城市群-城市-园区/社区等,构建多级嵌套生态网络模型;(2)集成上升性与环境元分析方法,提出由外在表征到内在过程的城市生态系统评价模式及模拟方法;(3)强调自然节点在城市生态网络中的重要作用,形成社会经济节点与自然节点并重的生态网络模型,并强调构建多精度的生态网络模型服务于不同的研究目的。

A review of ecological network analysis in urban ecosystems

It has been more than forty years since the ecological network analysis was proposed, and its theories and applications have developed rapidly. Until 2002, the method had only been used to study urban ecosystems and to analyze interconnected networks, including multiple actors and ecological flows. Presently, the application of ecological network analysis to urban ecosystems includes its use at multi-scales and based on different indicators. It has been subdivided into Network Environ Analysis and Ascendency Analysis; and the multi-scales indicate regions comprised by cities and cities including industrial sectors. However, there are still aspects of the method that need to be improved, such as the application of multi-scales (e.g., using cities as nodes in a network or specifying sectors in urban systems) or the combined analysis of different indicators, and these limitations restrict the use of the method for urban planning and design. To continue the development of ecological network analysis in urban ecosystems, three main perspectives should be addressed:(1) the application of ecological network analysis at multi-scales, such as urban agglomerations and systems and industrial parks and communities, and the development of nested ecological networks; (2) the combination of Ascendency and Network Environ Analyses to develop an assessment system or method from external and internal attributes; and (3) emphasis on the importance of natural actors in urban ecosystems, along with merging socio-economic and natural actors to establish ecological networks with different precision.