福建洛阳河口潮间带大型底栖甲壳动物群落及其功能群研究

2013年8月、2013年10月、2014年1月和2014年4月分别在洛阳河口潮间带选取5种生境(红树林区Q1,Q2,Q3;光滩Q4,林缘光滩Q5)开展调查,以探讨不同生境间甲壳动物群落结构及功能群差异和影响因素。调查共获得甲壳动物18科35种,优势种和重要种有弧边招潮(Uca arcuata)、薄片蜾蠃蜚(Sinocorophium lamellatum)、宁波泥蟹(Ilyoplax ningpoensis)和秀丽长方蟹(Metaplax elegans),以穴居型植食者为主;不同生境间优势种存在明显变化,游泳型甲壳动物主要出现在生境Q1、Q2和Q3。洛阳江红树林生境Q1、Q2、Q3底栖甲壳动物物种多样性和功能群复杂性高于林缘光滩和光滩生境,而生物量和栖息密度则相反。通过对5种不同生境的物种数、生物量、密度、功能群、物种多样性指数进行生境-季节间双因素方差分析发现,不同生境间与季节间甲壳动物物种数、栖息密度、功能群、均匀度指数与多样性指数存在显著差异;生物量在生境间差异不显著,丰富度指数在季节间差异不显著;生境Q1、Q2和Q3差异不显著。而底栖甲壳动物群落相似性和非度量多维度标序(n MDS)分析表明林缘光滩Q5的甲壳动物群落结构与Q1、Q2、Q3的相似度高,与光滩生境相似度较低,这可能是因为红树林、林缘光滩、光滩三者生境的复杂程度、食物丰富程度和食物来源存在差异有关。综合分析表明生境复杂程度与季节是影响洛阳河口潮间带大型底栖甲壳动物分布的主要因素。

Characteristics of the benthic crustacean community structures and functional groups around the Luoyang Estuary in Fujian

To evaluate different crustacean community structures and functional groups around the Luoyang Estuary, benthic crustaceans were investigated in 5 types of habitats (mangrove: Q1, Q2, and Q3; bare mudflat: Q4; and bare mudflat near the mangrove forest edge: Q5) and 4 seasons between August 2013 and April 2014. A total of 35 benthic crustacean species (18 families) were recorded. The predominant species included Uca arcuata, Sinocorophium lamellatum, Ilyoplax ningpoensis, Metaplax elegans, and Caving form- Phytophagous functional group is the main group. The dominant species composition showed obvious variety in different habitats; Swimming form crustaceans mainly appeared in Q1, Q2, and Q3. The complexity of the functional groups and species diversity was higher in Q1, Q2, and Q3 than in Q4 and Q5, and biomass and density were the highest in Q4. Two-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the differences in density and biomass, number of species, and biodiversity indices (Margalef, Shannon-Wiener, and Pielou) among the seasons and habitats. The results showed that the structure of the functional groups and communities was significantly different with respect to the seasons, habitats, number of species, density of communities, functional groups, and Margalef and Shannon-Wiener indices, and no significant difference with respect to the crustacean biomass and composition between habitats, and Pielou index between seasons. The Bray-Curtis similarity analysis and non-metric Multi-Dimensional Scaling analysis showed that Q5 had high similarity with Q1, Q2, and Q3 and low similarity with Q4; this may be due to the complexity of the habitat, food abundance, and differences in the food source in the mangrove, bare mudflat, and bare mudflat near mangrove forest edge habitats. A comprehensive analysis showed that habitat complexity and season are the main factors that affect the distribution of benthic crustaceans in the Luoyang estuarine intertidal region.