恢复力视角下的乡村空间演变与重构

乡村生产、生活、生态空间重构是中国乡村发展转型的重要途径。恢复力是指系统吸收干扰、经历变化和重组后,仍然保持原有功能、结构、特性和反馈的能力。梳理社会-生态系统恢复力、乡村社区恢复力、空间恢复力相应概念,借助宏观生态学领域中的恢复力相关概念阐释乡村空间演变过程,可以在深化乡村空间演变与重构理论内涵的同时更有效的理解乡村空间的演变过程和重构目标。乡村空间重构并不只是国土或规划层面的景观空间优化,而需要站在强化社会-生态系统恢复力的角度,从乡村空间演化机制入手,提升乡村空间演化动力从而驱动空间重构。将乡村空间的演变阶段嵌入社会-生态系统适应性循环过程中,将作为当前国际研究热点的社会-生态系统恢复力研究引入乡村地理学研究领域,从而进一步扩展了学科研究视角,完成乡村空间演变与重构的理论抽象。

The rural spatial evolution and reconstruction on a resilience view

With the development goal of urban-rural integration and the strategic needs of new rural construction recently, reasonable reconstruction of rural production, living, and ecological space is fundamental for rural area development and transformation in China. In the present study, a major concept was emphasized, where resilience was defined as the ability of a system to maintain its original structure, characteristics, feedback, and function after absorbing interferences and experiencing changes and reconstructions. The construction of rural community resilience is determined by social economic conditions; however, more focus should be on the local economy and employment, local environmental quality, and establishing a strong social sense of belonging. At this level, the promotion of rural community resilience is intrinsic with rural production, living, and the improvement of ecological conditions, resulting in the integrated sustainable development of the rural economy, society, and ecology. In the present study, we emphasized and integrated a series of core concepts about resilience, such as social-ecological, rural community, and spatial resilience. A more suitable reconstruction and evolution for the Chinese rural area could be established if a deeper understanding of the correlation between these concepts is developed, with the combined resilience method from the current study. We interpreted the evolution process of the village space using the resilience concept, based on the macroscopic ecology. Simultaneously, an abstract comprehension of the rural evolution and reconstruction was performed in the present study, which could enhance the theoretical connotation of rural space evolution and reconstruction, and provide a more effective understanding of the evolutionary process and reconstruction target for the rural area. Furthermore, the present study embedded the evolutionary phase of rural space into the social-ecological adaptive cycle, which will elucidate the adaptive social-ecological cycle in the geographical research. We emphasized that rural spatial reconstruction was optimized for landscape space at the land-planning level; moreover, we need to improve the socio-ecological resilience and develop the rural spatial reconstruction from the perspective of rural spatial evolution mechanisms. Under a resilience framework, we should construct an intensive and efficient rural production space based on rural economic resilience, and develop a comfortable living space relying on social resilience. The ecological space should also be optimized based on the ecological resilience, and these could be identified as a suitable way to reconstruct the rural space. Based on the dynamic characteristics of the adaptive cycle, it is necessary to strengthen the dynamic monitor for the rural spatial reconstruction process in future research. The critical threshold of socio-ecological evolution under the transformation of rural development should also be quantified in further research.