多尺度植物色彩表征及其与人体响应的关系

色彩是人们对植物外观的第一印象,与植物视觉特征和人体响应关系密切,因此,对森林美景度提升和公众适宜性契合具有重要作用。结合色彩学形成的历史关键节点和1个世纪以来植物色彩的研究动态,将植物色彩研究的发展历程划分为萌芽、形成、发展和繁荣等4个阶段,并简介了各阶段的主要特点。同时,从植物器官、植物个体、植物群体(涵盖种群和群落)、整体景观等4个视觉尺度以及审美、生理与心理等3个影响层面,阐述与评价了植物色彩传达机制与人体响应关系的相关研究。在此基础上,围绕植物色彩特征提取中存在的色彩要素定量、特征因子选取、色彩量化方法等方面的不足之处,对未来研究方向进行展望,提出植物色彩尺度与公众响应关系剖析、较大尺度色彩评价因子的深入挖掘、色彩量化方法的多学科融入、公众对植物色彩响应关系综合比对、森林景观美景度提升实践等5个方向的发展趋势,以期为全面地了解植物色彩的传达机制与影响、科学地开展不同精度和尺度下的植物色彩研究提供参考。

Plant colors at multiple scales and their effects on humans

The first aspect noticed in the appearance of plants is usually their colors,which is associated with human reactions to their visual characteristics.Therefore,color plays an important role in the promotion and public suitability of forest scenic beauty.This paper summarized the milestones in chromatics formation and research trends of plant color over the past century.The developing course of plant color research can be divided into germination,formation,evolution,and flourishing periods.Simultaneously,the main characteristics of each stage have been analyzed.The mechanisms of expression generated by plant color and the relevance between color and human reactions were reviewed through four visual scales,including plant organs,individual plants,population and community of plants,and overall landscape.In this review,three levels of influence including aesthetics,physical,and mental,were identified.Several defects on plant color extraction,such as color element ration,feature factor selection,and color quantization were detected and through them,five key directions were elucidated for future research:1) analysis of the association between plant colors and different scales as well as human reactions to them;2) in-depth study on plant color evaluation factors in a large scale;3) multidisciplinary fusion of the color quantization method;4) comprehensive comparison of public reactions to plant color;and 5) practice of forest scenic beauty promotion.The present study will contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms and influences of plant color expression,as well as scientific studies on plant color under different precisions and scales.